Planting techniques of Black Pearl Cherry

Black pearl cherry is a kind of excellent cherry which has been cultivated by Chinese cherry. It is beautiful in shape and purplish red in color, very beautiful, and its flesh is soft and juicy. It is a high-grade fruit in the market, and its selling price is higher than that of ordinary fruit. It has good commodity value. Let's take a look at the planting technology of black pearl cherry.

Growth habit

Black pearl cherries usually begin to bear fruit in 3 years, and the full fruiting period is about 7-8 years. The crown is open, the tree potential is moderate, the sprouting ability is strong, the branching ability is medium, and the latent bud has a long life span, which is conducive to renewal. The main fruit is medium-short fruit branch and flower-like fruit branch, the long branch only forms flower bud in the middle and upper part, and the long fruit branch bears more fruit in young trees. The flower is easy to form, the flower quantity is large, and the self-flowering seed setting rate is 64.7%. Black pearl cherry originated in the high temperature and humidity area of Chongqing in the south, which has strong adaptability to high temperature and humidity environment, strong disease resistance, no fruit cracking and light fruit drop before harvest.

Garden construction

The main results are as follows: 1. garden selection: black pearl cherry likes light, is not resistant to waterlogging and drought, so it is advisable to choose sloping land with good light, drainage and deeper soil layer to build a garden, and the sandy loam soil with pH 6-7 is the best. If the garden is built on flat land or clay land, attention should be paid to trench drainage and soil improvement. One month before planting, trenches with a width of 80cm 100cm and a depth of 60cm can be opened to improve the soil, and layer-by-layer pressing of miscellaneous leather, crop straw, phosphate fertilizer, pig and chicken manure water, etc. It can also be planted according to the designed density, and then enlarge the hole and improve the soil year by year.

2. Seedling colonization: it can be planted from September to February of the following year, but it is the best in the climate of Xiaoyang spring from October to November. The dwarfing and dense planting was adopted and the row spacing was 1.5 × 3.0 m (150 plants per mu). Black pearl cherry has high self-flowering seed setting rate, but it is not suitable for pollination trees. However, in order to obtain more reliable yield, pollination trees can be planted at 1:8. At present, Dahongpao cherry is the main pollination variety. When planting, the fixed root water should be well watered and watered thoroughly. After it has all infiltrated, sprinkle a layer of fine niobium soil on the tree plate, and finally cover the tree plate within 1.0 meters in diameter (2 cm to 5 cm thick) with weeds to maintain soil moisture.

Shaping and pruning

1. Plastic surgery: because it is a light-loving tree species, the dense planting garden is suitable for small crown sparse layer shaping, which takes shape in 2 to 3 years. The shaping method is as follows: 40 cm to 60 cm in the same year, one erect branch with strong growth as the central stem, 4 branches as the first main branch, and 4 branches as auxiliary branches. When the main branch is 30cm, the heart is picked to promote the branch, and the extended branch is selected. At the beginning of July, the angle of the main branch was adjusted to an angle of 70-80 degrees with the trunk. On the other hand, the auxiliary branches are coring to promote the branches at 15-20 cm, and the angle is adjusted at the beginning of May to make them grow horizontally to form bouquet-like short fruit branches. From July to August, combined with chemical control and water control measures to promote flower bud differentiation. During the spring pruning in the second year, the central stem was cut short by 60 cm, and the second layer of lateral branches were cultivated. 3 main branches and 2 auxiliary branches were cultivated according to the same method. In the third year, the third layer of main branches were cultured with the same method, leaving 2 main branches. It has been formed in 3 years, and the height of the tree is controlled between 2 and 2.5 meters.

2. Pruning: during the period of young trees, it is mainly pruned in summer. It can be used to pick the heart and pull the branches of the strong branches in summer to promote them to form medium and short branches. In winter shearing, it is mainly long and often promotes bouquet-like fruiting branches. On the other hand, the high-yield trees are mainly cut in winter, thinning and retraction are adopted to improve the lighting and ventilation conditions of the trees, so that they are not sparse outside and inside, and bear three-dimensional fruit. The weak branches were renewed by short cutting, and the senile branches were retracted. At the same time, it retracts and extends to the branches between the rows to maintain a ventilation and light transmission zone of about 80 centimeters between the rows. The internal long branches are properly retained according to the situation, twisted branches and coring are carried out in summer and cultivated into new branches. In addition, the bud picked by the cherry is solitary, and the leaf bud must be selected as the cutting bud during short pruning.

Flower and fruit management

1. Controlling the crown and promoting flowers: controlling the crown and promoting flowers is the key to the success of the dense planting orchard. Chemical and agricultural techniques can be used from May to August. The common methods are: spraying 300 times 15% paclobutrazol in the first ten days of May, controlling fertilizer and water, opening ditches and drainage, so as to keep the orchard properly dry. The angle and coring of erect branches were opened from June to August.

2. Flower and fruit protection: the methods of flower and fruit protection are as follows: properly planting pollinated varieties, releasing bees during flowering and spraying 0.1% borax + 0.2% urea + 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixture for 1 time. Fruit thinning can be carried out after the first physiological fruit drop in late March, mainly removing insect fruit, diseased fruit and abnormal fruit.

3. Prevention of fruit cracking: fruit cracking and pre-harvest fruit drop are the main reasons for the low yield of cherries in the south. Black pearl cherries still have slight fruit cracking and pre-harvest fruit drop in Rain Water's uneven years, which can be prevented by irrigation during drought, tree plates and interrow grass mulching, spraying phosphorus and potassium in the big fruit boom period, and increasing potassium fertilizer in early spring.

Fertilizer and water management