Planting techniques of jujube

Red jujube, also known as jujube, jujube, thorn jujube, Guanzao, etc., is a small deciduous tree of Rhamnaceae, originated in China, and is often cultivated in Asia, Europe and America, which is rich in vitamin C and vitamin P. it can be made into candied and preserved jujube, such as honey jujube, red jujube, smoked jujube, black jujube, wine jujube and tooth jujube, and can also be used as jujube paste, jujube noodles, jujube wine, jujube vinegar and so on.

Growth habits of jujube

The jujube tree grows in the mountains, hills or plains below 1700 meters above sea level. It is a temperature-loving fruit tree. The average annual temperature in the producing area is about 15 ℃. The temperature in the budding stage is 13-15 ℃, the temperature in the leaf-spreading stage is 17 ℃, the temperature in the flowering and fruiting stage is 22-25 ℃, and the temperature in the fruit-ripening stage is 18-22 ℃. Jujube has strong tolerance to drought and waterlogging, but it requires higher air humidity at flowering stage, otherwise it is disadvantageous to pollinate and set fruit. In addition, jujube has strong light preference, sensitive to light, strong adaptability to soil, barren and saline-alkali tolerance. But afraid of the wind, so we should pay attention to avoid the tuyere in the process of building the garden.

Propagation methods of jujube

1. Grafting: the main grafting methods are wood bud grafting and branch grafting, and the main technical points of grafting can be summarized as six-character essentials. "fresh", keep the scion fresh and without water loss. "flat", the scion should be cut flat. "accurate", scion and rootstock cambium should be aligned. "tight". Tie it up tightly after it is connected. The operation speed of "fast" is faster. "wet", bury the soil or cover plastic bags to keep humidity after grafting. At the same time, the rootstock nursery was irrigated 5-7 days before grafting to make it easy to peel off.

2. Root cutting: select self-rooted plants of good varieties, dig ditches with a width of less than 30 cm and a depth of about 50 cm around the crown before germination, cut off the roots less than 2 cm in diameter, apply organic fertilizer in the root-cutting ditch, and then backfill. Root tiller seedlings can be sent out in the growing season, and in the following spring, root tiller seedlings are dug out and treated with ABT rooting powder or other hormones to be planted back to the nursery to cultivate strong seedlings.

3. Root insertion: pick roots from strong jujube trees at the end of autumn combined with autumn ploughing, cut and grow 20-30 cm, 1-4 cm in diameter, and store sand in the kiln. The following spring trench seedlings, the root ear to tilt 45 angles into the ditch, exposed to the ground 2 cm, immediately watered after insertion. The root and ear is treated with rooting hormone and covered with plastic film, the effect is better.

4. Cuttage: wet the sand bed before cutting. the wetting standard is that the sand bed does not collapse after drilling holes in the sand bed. When cutting, the cuttings are punched with a small wooden stick and the cuttings are dipped in pulp at the same time. The diameter of the small hole is larger than that of the cuttings after dipping, so as to prevent the medicine from being squeezed out by the hole wall and reduce the medicinal properties. Cutting depth is about 3 cm, too deep can easily cause base rot, too shallow, cuttings dumping and root exposure after rooting, cuttings should be squeezed tightly after cutting, so that river sand and cuttings are closely combined.

Planting techniques of jujube

The main results are as follows: 1. Garden selection: jujube has strong adaptability and lax requirements on soil conditions, so wasteland and saline-alkali land can be fully utilized for cultivation. However, in order to achieve higher economic benefits and produce high-quality and pollution-free products, we should try our best to choose the environment such as air, water source and soil without pollution, flat and open terrain, good drainage conditions, strong soil permeability and good aeration performance. the groundwater level is higher and the garden land with fertile soil is better. When planting jujube trees in mountainous and hilly areas, sunny slopes with deep soil layers should be selected, while shady slopes should not be planted.

2. Planting varieties: there are many varieties of jujube, and a high-quality variety must have good tree potential, strong resistance to diseases and insect pests, crack resistance, good fruit shape, good fruit color, high nutrient content and good taste. At present, the excellent varieties used for drying are Jinsifeng, Jinsi honey, seedless red, seedless No. 1, seedless No. 3, Zanhuang jujube and so on. Among the precocious varieties, the excellent varieties used for fresh food are Zaocuiwang, Jingwei fresh jujube, early maturing pear jujube and so on, and the excellent varieties used for processing are pear jujube, Zanhuang jujube and so on. Late-maturing varieties are mainly used for fresh food, high-quality varieties are Jingwei Daxue jujube, winter jujube and so on. New and special varieties, there are fruit shape peculiar Mopan jujube, gourd jujube, tree-shaped peculiar feili red, Longxu jujube and so on.

3. Cultivation mode: first, dwarfing and dense planting, which is mainly suitable for varieties with early fruit and small tree type, and the suitable row spacing is 2 m × 3 m or 3 m × 2 m. The second is intercropping cultivation, which is mainly suitable for varieties with medium or large tree type and late fruit, with row spacing of 8m to 10m. The distance between plants is 3 to 5 meters. Other crops can be planted among trees in the early stage.

4. Cultivation time: jujube can be cultivated in the whole dormancy period from defoliation to germination in the next year, which can be divided into spring planting and autumn planting. According to years of cultivation experience, if 2-year-old and more than 2-year-old root tiller seedlings are planted and immediately watered in spring, the survival rate can easily reach more than 90%, while the survival rate of autumn planting can hardly reach more than 90% even after planting. However, the survival rate of autumn planting can reach more than 70% even without watering, while the survival rate of spring planting without watering is obviously lower than that of autumn planting.

Pruning techniques of jujube trees