Hazelnut planting technique

Hazelnut is a shrub or small tree belonging to the genus Hazelnut of Betulaceae. It is one of the four dried fruits in the world. It has strong adaptability. It can grow in mountainous areas, hilly areas, valleys and rivers. Artificial planting begins to bear fruit in 2~4 years, and 5~7 years enter the peak fruit period. Artificial reclamation of wild hazelnut forest can be seen in 2~3 years. It has a high planting prospect. Let's take a look at the planting technology of hazelnut together.

Hazelnut planting conditions

Temperature: Different types of hazelnut trees have different temperature requirements. Hazel loves warm, humid climates. Suitable for average temperature 13~15℃, absolute minimum-10℃, extreme high temperature 38℃ area. Compared with Corylus heterophylla L., the hybrid is cold-resistant and suitable for cultivation in the area with annual average temperature of 7.5~13℃ and minimum temperature of-30℃.

2, light: hazelnut trees are light-loving plants, generally require annual sunshine hours in more than 2100 hours, otherwise flower bud formation is less, low yield.

3, soil: hazelnut trees like to grow in fertile, well-ventilated sandy loam, especially the flat European hybrid on the soil requirements are high, dry sand, clay soil, swamp, saline land and low-lying land are not suitable for the establishment of hazelnut garden. The soil pH value of the hybrid is 6.5~7.5, and that of Corylus heterophylla is 5.5~7.

Breeding Technique of Hazelnut

1. Sowing and reproduction: In the wild hazelnut forest, select high-yield, large-fruit, pest-free clusters as seed mother trees, and select hazelnuts with large seeds, full seeds and pest-free seeds for sowing. The germination ability of hazel seeds can be maintained for one year. Sowing time is suitable for spring, generally in late April. Row spacing 60 cm, plant spacing 6~8 cm for ridge cropping, row spacing 20 cm, plant spacing 5~6 cm for bed cropping. When sowing, first in the already flattened ridge surface furrows, furrows 5~6 cm deep. Then the pure seeds screened out of wet sand are scattered into the bottom of the ditch according to the above-mentioned plant spacing, covered with soil 3~5 cm, and slightly pressed.

2. Plant division propagation: There are two methods for plant division propagation. One is to dig up all the mother plants and divide them into several small clusters or individual plants. Each individual plant has roots and 1~2 branches. The other is to dig roots and tillers around the mother plant cluster, and separate several plants, but the mother plant is still retained. The ramets should retain a root segment of 20 cm and have a certain number of fibrous roots. After the seedlings leave the mother, they should cut short branches, leave 15~20 cm long, and immediately plant them, keep them moist and prevent water loss.

3. Root-tiller propagation: There are two methods for root-tiller propagation. One is to excavate the root-tillers around the existing plants and obtain seedlings. The second is to reproduce in a special female garden. The parent plants prepared for reproduction should be cropped in spring to promote the emergence of roots. During the growth period, sufficient fertilizer and water supply shall be ensured, and proper thinning shall be carried out to ensure that the tillers are not too dense, so as to ensure that the tillers grow well and facilitate the digging of seedlings in autumn.

4, layering propagation

① Horizontal layering: It can be carried out in autumn or spring, but it is most suitable for spring. The vigorous growth of annual branches horizontally open, spread on the ground, fixed, not pressure soil. Carefully protect leaf buds from germination. In this way, almost all buds can grow into new shoots on the horizontal plane. When the new tip grows to 10~15 cm, wind 2~3 circles of soft iron wire on each node (i.e. the base of each new tip) of the annual branch to promote the formation of new roots. Then the new tip is cultivated with soil for two-thirds of the height, and then cultivated 1 - 2 times according to the growth height of the new tip. After autumn defoliation, cut each section open to form a seedling with vertical new tip and root system at the base.

② Arched layering: Arched layering is divided into hard branch layering and tender branch layering. Hard branch layering is carried out in early spring, trenches 15~20 cm deep are dug around the plant clusters, and decomposed farm manure mixed with soil is scattered into the trenches, and the trench depth is maintained at 10~15 cm. The distance between the groove and the base of the clump is suitable for the lower part of the branch to touch the groove bottom when bending down. Select well-developed annual branches and bend them toward the bottom of the ditch. Fix it, then press it with soil and fill the ditch and cultivate it. In this way, exposed on the ground bud germination growth, pressure in the soil part of the root. In order to promote good rooting of branches, but also pressure in the bottom of the branch part of the girdle, width 1~2 mm, remove phloem, or transverse cut a few knives can also be. Young branch layering can be carried out in the first and middle of June, and when the basal branch grows to 60~80 cm in the current year, the method is the same as that of hard branch layering.

Planting Management of Hazelnut

1, planting density: In order to make hazelnut trees achieve the desire for high yield, then hazelnut trees have a planting density should have a rationality. Rational selection of planting density of hazelnut tree is closely related to many factors, such as species, varieties, rootstocks, cultivation techniques, tree shape, terrain, soil, climate conditions and so on. Therefore, many factors should be considered when selecting the planting density of hazelnut trees, so that hazelnut trees can grow healthily.

2, planting density: in fertile soil, flat terrain, hazelnut planting distance should be larger, slope is larger, soil barren mountain hazelnut garden, planting row spacing can be smaller. For the varieties with vigorous growth and open crown, the planting spacing should be larger, while for the varieties with weak growth and upright and compact crown, the planting spacing of hazelnut trees should be smaller. According to different cultivation purposes, cultivation density should also be different. Some for early high yield, can adopt planned dense planting, early dense planting, later garden closed can thinning.

3, cultivation depth: planting depth roots can not be buried too deep or too shallow, after planting requirements root neck and ground surface or slightly lower than the ground 5 cm. 6~10 cm soil depth above root system is suitable. If the soil in the hole is loose, in order to prevent the soil from sinking too much after planting, it is difficult to control the planting depth. Or use your feet to slightly stabilize the soil in the hole.