Control techniques of diseases and insect pests in muskmelon

Melon is also known as sweet melon, cantaloupe, etc. With the adjustment of planting structure and the rapid development of efficient agriculture, the area of planting small shed, middle shed, greenhouse watermelon melon increases year by year. Due to successive cropping cultivation, the source of disease and insect accumulation year by year, resulting in the increase of disease and insect species year by year, and the degree of harm increases year by year. Let's take a look at the pest control technology of melon together.

blight

[Hazard characteristics] Phytophthora blight is the main disease of watermelon and melon from seedling stage to rosette stage. The leaves are infected with dark green water-soaked irregular spots, which expand into soft rot shape. When dried, the spots turn brown and easily break. The stem base is infected. The primary fusiform dark green water-soaked sunken spots are contracted and rotted around the stem base. Finally, they die.

[Control method] Disinfect seeds before sowing, soak seeds in warm water at 55℃ for 15 minutes, sterilize with nutrient soil, add 50% carbendazim 2 to each cubic meter of nutrient soil and mix well. Apply medicine at the initial stage of disease, spray with 64% Sanfufan 500 times, 72.2% Prolik 800 times or 58% Redomil (Redoxycycline Manganese Zinc) 500 times, and spray again every 7-10 days.

gummy stem blight

[Harm characteristics] The stem blight mainly occurs in the leaves and stems. The leaves are infected with near-circular disease spots or "V"-shaped light brown disease spots inward from the leaf edge. In the later stage, the disease spots are broken, and many small black spots are born on them, i.e. conidia. The stems are infected with oval to fusiform disease spots. In the later stage, they shrink and crack longitudinally, and overflow yellow jelly. In severe cases, the leaves are dry and the stems rot.

[Control method] Avoid cloudy watering, strive for continuous sunshine after watering, in case of continuous rainy weather after watering, pay attention to short-term moisture removal at noon, spray 600 times of 75% chlorothalonil or 800 times of 70% methyl thiophane +80% Dasheng (or Yuesheng) 800 times at the initial stage of disease, and timely remove sick bodies after harvest to reduce bacterial sources.

anthracnose

[Hazard characteristics] The disease can occur throughout the whole growth period. The infected leaves are initially round to spindle or irregular water-soaked spots, sometimes ring patterns appear. When dry, the spots are easy to break and perforate. When wet, the leaves produce pink sticky substances. Petiole or stem is infected. The water-soaked pale yellow round spots are slightly sunken and then turn black. In severe cases, they die around the stem and vine. Fruit is infected. The primary water-soaked brown spots are sunken. The depressions are often cracked. When the humidity is high, pink sticky matter is produced in the middle of the disease spot, and when the disease spot is serious, it decays continuously.

[Control method] Select disease-resistant seeds, warm and disinfect the seeds, spray 800 times of 70% methyl thiophane, 600 times of 75% chlorothalonil, or 800 times of 80% anthrax, and spray again every 7-10 days.

bacterial angular leaf spot

[Hazard characteristics] Bacterial angular spot is a disease in the middle and late stages of melons, mainly occurring on leaves. In greenhouse watermelon fields, the general disease rate is about 25%, the highest is 70%, and the disease leaf rate is about 10%. After leaf infection, small transparent spots with yellow halo are formed after expansion. The center turns brown or the gray perforation is broken. When humidity is high, the disease part produces milky white bacterial pus.

[Control method] Select disease-free seeds, warm and disinfect the seeds, spray with 300 times of 13% ammonia copper solution, 500 times of 50% DT (copper succinate) wettable powder, 400 times of 77% pesticide wettable powder, or 400 times of 72% agricultural streptomycin wettable powder at the initial stage of disease, and spray again every 7-10 days.

powdery mildew

[Hazard characteristics] Powdery mildew mainly damages leaves. In the early stage of disease, white nearly circular star-shaped small pink spots are produced on the front of leaves, and then they expand around to form continuous white powder with unclear edges. In severe cases, the whole leaves are covered, and in the later stage, they turn gray and black, and the diseased leaves are yellow and withered.

[Control method] Implement large and small ditch rotation irrigation, timely release air on sunny days, pay attention to moisture drainage on cloudy days, timely remove old leaves to avoid field depression, use 40% DuPont "Fuxing" emulsifiable concentrate 4g (1 bag) in the early stage of disease, or spray 0116 biological pesticide 150 times mixed with water.

virus disease

[Hazard characteristics] Virus disease mainly has two types: mosaic type and shrinkage type. The specific performance is that the top leaves of the plant produce mosaic spots with light and dark colors, the leaves become smaller, curly, wrinkled and deformed. The early infected melon cannot bear fruit, and the later infected melon is small and deformed.

[Control method] Do everything possible to reduce the temperature, appropriately increase the humidity in the shed, remove the diseased plants early to reduce the virus source, control aphids and prevent diseases, spray 10% imidacloprid 1500 times or 5% cypermethrin 2000 times from the seedling stage, and spray 30% virus A 500 times or 1.5% Zhibingling 1000 times at the initial stage of disease.