Planting technology of watermelon in greenhouse

Watermelon is a summer marked fruit, also known as summer melon, cold melon, Qingmen green jade room, etc., is a cucurbitaceae watermelon annual vine, the original species may come from Africa, has long been widely cultivated in tropical to temperate regions of the world, about in the Jin and Yuan dynasties, it was introduced into China, and now it is widely cultivated in all parts of our country. Let's take a look at watermelon greenhouse planting techniques.

Variety selection

There are many varieties of watermelon. Watermelon varieties suitable for greenhouse cultivation in early spring require not only early maturity, high quality, but also easy to bear fruit, disease resistance, high yield, suitable for market needs and so on. According to the summary in recent years, the main varieties suitable for greenhouse cultivation are Jinmei Daguo, supreme, Lido and so on.

Rootstock selection

Watermelon rootstocks require not only good and stable compatibility with watermelon grafting, but also good disease resistance and no adverse effect on watermelon quality. According to the observation in recent years, gourd rootstocks are poor in resistance to acute Fusarium wilt of watermelon, and it is easy to cause inestimable losses, while pumpkin rootstocks perform relatively well, so now the basic watermelon rootstocks are pumpkin rootstocks. At present, the better rootstocks are Zhuangsi, pumpkin No. 2, pumpkin Changbai board and so on.

Seed treatment

Rootstock seeds and watermelon seeds are treated in the same way: soak the seeds in 25: 30 ℃ warm water for 48 hours, wash the seeds in clean water several times and knead repeatedly to wash off the harmful substances on the seed surface, then wrap them with fine cloth and put them in an incubator of 27: 30 ℃ to accelerate germination, or insert a thermometer on the Kang to accelerate germination.

Sowing technology

The sowing time of watermelon in greenhouse is about December 20 of the Gregorian calendar. Put the seeds of rootstocks that promote budding in the middle, germ down, and then cover with floating soil (fine sand loam) and cover the soil 1.5 centimeters. In general, watermelon seeds can be germinated about 5 days after rootstock seed sowing, and watermelon seeds can be accelerated by sandbox.

Grafting technique

1. Grafting time: the grafting can be carried out after the cotyledons of the rootstock seeds are flattened, which is also the best time for grafting.

2. Grafting method: adopt the top insertion method, remove the growing point of the rootstock during grafting, use the bamboo stick at the incision of the rootstock, insert the lower axis of the cotyledon oblique 45 along the direction of the cotyledon line, with a depth of 0.5 cm, the top of the bamboo stick reaches the other side of the cortex of the lower axis of the cotyledon, then take out the scion seedling, cut it off with a blade 45 °on the index finger, cut the scion seedling, pull out the bamboo stick, and insert the scion seedling along the direction of the bamboo stick socket.

3. Grafting management: the temperature should be kept at 25 ℃ and the low temperature should be kept at 24 ℃. It should be airtight and unventilated in the first three days after grafting, so that the air humidity can reach saturation. One week before planting, the ground temperature dropped to 15: 13 ℃, the temperature dropped to 23 ℃ during the day and 13 ℃ at night, and the lowest at night was no less than 10 ℃ to refine the seedlings, which kept the seedlings close to the ambient temperature after planting.

Planting technology

1. Planting period: in recent years, due to the abnormal climate, the planting time has been pushed back, generally no later than the end of February to early March in the Gregorian calendar, that is, when the ground temperature of 10 cm stably passes through 13 ℃.

2. Planting density: generally, the row spacing is 3 meters, the plant spacing is 0.4 meters, and the planting density is about 555 plants per mu.

3. Planting method: choose fine weather, put the grafted seedlings without nutrition bowl into the planting hole, make the soil block level with the border surface, fill all around, surround the soil, and use the point watering method (pouring with a bowl or ladle). When planting, pay attention to the grafting knife edge more than 1 cm from the surface.

adequate manuring

1. Fertilizer application rate: apply ternary compound fertilizer (N: P: K = 15:15:15) 15ml 25kg per mu or apply a certain amount of biogas slurry along the water.

2. Fertilization method: topdressing should be carried out in combination with watering. When the watermelon grows to the size of the egg, it should be re-applied with watermelon water.

Planting irrigation