Cultivation techniques of Peach Bonsai

Peach is a small deciduous tree of the rose family, which is native to China and is widely cultivated in various provinces and regions of our country. Potted peach trees are a combination of fruit tree horticulture and bonsai art, in addition to the functions of pleasing the eye, beautifying the home and providing delicious fresh fruit. it is also a way to get rich, let's take a look at the cultivation techniques of peach bonsai.

Variety selection of Peach trees

Most varieties such as common peach, nectarine, flat peach, oil flat peach and ornamental peach cultivated in production can be potted, but it is best to choose varieties with compact tree body, open tree posture, large flower quantity, beautiful flower color, large fruit, colorful fruit, high seed setting rate of white flowers and short dormancy period, as well as special ornamental flower varieties. Such as early fragrant jade, Chunyan, Lichun, Huaguang, scattered red flat peach, morning dew flat peach and green peach, spring snow, chrysanthemum double peach, American peach and so on.

Seedling cultivation of Peach trees

1. Rootstock cultivation: potted peach trees are required to be compact and dwarf, in which the use of dwarfing rootstocks is an effective way, and the suitable dwarfing rootstocks are hairy cherry and plum. Hairy cherry and plum are wild resources widely distributed in Northeast and North China, and their common characteristics are that peach rootstocks have significant dwarfing and strong adaptability, stress resistance (cold resistance, drought resistance, barren resistance), and can make peach trees bear fruit earlier, mature earlier and improve fruit quality. The grafting affinity of hairy cherry and peach tree is strong, and the survival rate of grafted peach tree is very high all the year round, while the survival rate of grafted peach tree is low. Dwarfing rootstocks can be propagated by seeds, sown and raised seedlings in the field, and then transplanted to the pot. Wild cherries and plums growing on the hillside Weir can also be planed, and pay attention to the use of tree stump strange perennial plants, the planed rootstocks will be slightly shaped and trimmed, directly planted in the basin, survived and grafted.

2. Grafting technique: branch grafting and bud grafting can be used in grafting method. If in order to cultivate a special tree shape, "inverted bud grafting" can be used when the bud is grafted, that is, the tip of the bud is pointed down, and the branches that grow out of the grafting survive naturally form an inflection. At the same time, "inverted bud grafting" also has the function of relaxing the tree potential and reducing the tree body. According to the experiment, there was no significant difference in survival rate between inverted bud grafting and positive bud grafting of peach trees. In addition, varieties with different flower colors, fruit colors and shapes can be grafted on the same rootstock to produce flowers of different colors and fruits of different colors and shapes, so as to improve the ornamental value of potted peach trees.

Planting peach trees in pots

1. The selection of pots: the pots should be selected according to the environment, the purpose of cultivation and the size of the tree. The commonly used ones are tile basin, porcelain basin, purple sand basin and so on. Tile pot is the most commonly used pot for potted fruit trees and flowers, with low price and good ventilation, which is conducive to root growth, but the texture is brittle, easy to damage, rough surface, not very beautiful. The porcelain basin is strong in texture and beautiful in appearance, but its drainage and ventilation is poor, and the price is more expensive, so it is generally better for indoor ornamental cultivation. Purple sand basin with fine texture, harmonious color, elegant and generous, its drainage and air permeability is between tile basin and porcelain basin, the price is more expensive, suitable for indoor ornamental use. In addition, you can also choose plastic pots, cement pots, wooden cases and other containers. The size of the basin can be determined according to the needs and the size of the tree, with a general caliber of more than 24 cm.

2. Preparation of basin soil: pot soil must be cultivated. There are no strict requirements for the composition and proportion of cultivated soil. It is generally made of 2 parts of fertile pastoral soil, 2 parts of rotten leaf soil, 1 part of rotten livestock and poultry manure, or 3 parts of pastoral soil, 1 part of slag and 1 part of mature high quality organic fertilizer. When preparing, break all kinds of ingredients and sift them, and then mix them evenly according to proportion. In short, the configuration of basin soil requires rich nutrition, loose ventilation, fertilizer and water conservation, slightly acidic, pH 5.5-6.5. The prepared basin soil should be disinfected to kill the germs and pests. The commonly used disinfection methods are sunlight exposure and formalin disinfection. Sunlight exposure is to spread the basin soil thin and evenly on the cement floor and expose it for 2 to 3 days. Formalin disinfection is to spray the basin soil with 5% formalin solution, then fumigate with plastic film for 1 to 2 days, then remove the film, and then use it after the agent is volatilized.

3. Planting method: the planting time is after falling leaves in autumn or before sprouting in spring. Install the configured basin soil to about half of the basin, high in the middle and low on all sides. After properly pruning the root system of the seedling, put the seedling into the center of the basin, and stretch the root system, the root neck is 3-4 cm from the mouth of the basin, and then add the basin soil, while shaking the basin, so that the root system is closely connected with the soil, and the basin soil is slightly higher than the root neck, and finally irrigated. If the soil sinks and the root neck is exposed after irrigation, soil should be added to cover the root neck.

Shaping and pruning of peach trees

1. Shaping: potted peach trees can be treated at will according to requirements, such as open heart shape and curved stem shape. The method of drawing branches is used to adjust the direction and angle of the main branches, and the side branches are promoted by picking the core for many times, and the branches are cultivated into different shapes such as round, oblique stem, vertical branch, fan and so on, so as to increase the aesthetic feeling and enrich the crown.

2. Branch thinning: peach trees have high sprouting ability, strong branching ability and large growth. According to the principle that the strong branches are numerous and sparse, the weak branches are sparse, and the disease and insect branches, dense branches and overgrown branches can be removed.