Planting technology of Sakyamuni fruit

Sakyamuni is a perennial semi-deciduous small tree of Annonaceae, named for its appearance with molluscum protuberance with polygonal little finger. It is native to tropical America. It is cultivated in Hainan, Fujian, Taiwan, Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan. The fruit is mainly for fresh food, rich in nutrients and of high planting value. Let's take a look at the planting techniques of Sakyamuni fruit.

Planting conditions of Sakyamuni fruit

1. Climate: Sakyamoto is a tropical and semi-tropical plant with a warm and humid climate, with an average annual temperature of 21: 23 ℃, annual rainfall of 1 200-1 800 ml and air humidity of 70-95%. Generally speaking, the south subtropical climate with frost-free, abundant rainfall and high air humidity in winter is more suitable for the cultivation of Sakya.

2. Soil: Sakyamuni fruit is a shallow root plant, and its roots are mostly distributed in the soil layer less than 35 cm, and the new roots become lignified late, good gas, and avoid stagnant water, so they should be planted in the land to the south from the wind, and shelterbelts must be built in places where the wind blows, otherwise they are vulnerable to wind damage and lead to root rot. The sandy soil or sandy loam with fertile soil, good aeration and good drainage is the most suitable, and the most suitable soil pH value is 5.5-6.5. The over-acidic soil should be improved with lime. Although clay soil and neutral soil can also grow, but the effect is not as good as sandy soil or sandy loam.

Seedling raising technique of Sakyamuni fruit

1. Seed breeding: the seeds of Sakyamuni fruit should be dried before sowing to promote germination. The nursery should choose sandy loam with good sunny drainage and fertile sandy loam, and flat land on gentle slope is the best. Before sowing, the nursery should turn the ground deeply for 1-2 months, then use rotten organic fertilizer and a small amount of lime as base fertilizer, break and mix well, and then repair the ditch. Strip sowing or sowing can be done, with seeds of 7 to 8 kilograms per mu. Cover with river sand or fine soil, slightly compacted and drenched with water to cover grass or plastic film, nursery bed pay attention to moisturizing, but also afraid of stagnant water, so we should also pay attention to prevent too much water, so as not to cause root rot. After germination, uncover the grass or plastic film to avoid bending the seedlings.

2. Grafting and raising seedlings: the grafting method of Sakyamuni fruit mostly varies with the season, and the phloem is not easy to be cut off in spring, so the grafting method is generally used, while the bud grafting method is generally used in summer and autumn. When Sakyamuni fruit is grafted by bud grafting, it is generally required to be unbound after 20 to 30 days, while the grafting method is generally used to pick buds first and then unbind. For the surviving plants grafted by bud grafting, about 15 days after unbinding, the rootstock can be cut about 5 cm above the bud graft. after cutting the anvil, a large number of tillers will be produced at the base of the rootstock, which should be removed in time so as not to compete with the scion for nutrients and affect the germination of the graft. at the same time, the nursery should be kept clean, free of weeds, and ensure an adequate supply of fertilizer and water. When the grafted seedling grows to 50 cm high and the stem is about 1.0 cm thick, it can be planted out of the nursery.

Planting technology of Sakyamuni fruit

1. Planting time: the planting time of Sakyamuni fruit is from February to April every year, and the frost-free area in winter can be advanced to October to December of the previous year. Greenhouse cultivation in the suburbs of Beijing should be planted in mid-late April (no matter whether the greenhouse is covered with plastic film or not). At this time, the temperature rises, which is beneficial to the slow seedling and growth of the plant, and the planting specification should be determined according to the specific conditions of the greenhouse.

2. Seedling treatment: the seedlings of Sakyamuni fruit should be treated before planting, first of all, the seedlings should be disinfected and sprayed with 3-5 Baume-sulfur mixture, and the seedlings should be graded and trimmed at the same time. The seedlings were graded according to the size of the seedlings and the quality of the root system, and strong seedlings or good and bad seedlings were selected. Seedlings that lose water during transfer and storage should be soaked in water for 3-5 hours before planting.

3. Planting density: the plant-row spacing varies with different varieties, generally 3X4 rice or 4X5 rice is suitable, and the densest one can be increased to 2x3 rice. Before planting, you need to dig a planting hole in advance, the size of the hole is 0.8x0.8x0.8 meters, the topsoil mixed with organic fertilizer on the bottom, the soil on the top, and then put into the seedlings to plant, step on, pour through the root water at a time, and then cover with a layer of raw soil to prevent water evaporation. If it is planted in a flat land with sufficient rainfall, it is not appropriate to dig a large hole for planting, but to plant in a high ridge to prevent the death of the plant caused by stagnant water in the hole.

Fertilizer and water management of Sakyamuni fruit

1. Fertilization for young trees: generally, 1-2-year-old young trees need to apply 5 kg of organic fertilizer, 0.45 kg of urea, 0.35 kg of superphosphate and 0.1 kg of potassium sulfate, except for organic fertilizer before winter pruning, the rest of the fertilizer should be applied after the first, second and third times of shoot ripening and before the beginning of winter shearing, the amount of winter cutting fertilizer should be the highest, accounting for about 55% of the total amount of the whole year, and the other three times should each account for 15%. In order to promote the growth of tree potential and the formation of tree crown.

2. Fertilization for adult trees: Sakyamuni fruit trees need more fertilizer, which should be determined according to tree age, tree potential and fruit. generally, 3-4-year-old trees need to apply 10 kilograms of organic fertilizer, 2 kilograms of calcium superphosphate, 0.5 kilograms of potassium sulfate and 1.2 kilograms of urea, of which organic fertilizer is finished at one time before and after winter cutting.

3. Irrigation management: Sakya fruit sprouting, young fruit expansion, rapid fruit expansion, postharvest recovery and dormancy need water most, which should be irrigated timely and properly according to specific conditions to ensure fruit setting rate, large fruit rate and excellent fruit rate. as well as the recovery of root system and tree potential, hole irrigation and furrow irrigation are better. Insufficient water will lead to poor plant growth, irregular germination, a large number of shedding of young fruits, poor fruit development and a large increase in fruit cracking rate. But Sakya is also most afraid of stagnant water, even if it is stagnant for a short time, it will lead to the same result as water shortage, and can lead to root rot and plant death, so it is necessary to do a good job of drainage in time.