Cultivation techniques of avocado

Avocado is a rare fruit in tropical areas, also known as avocado, cream fruit, etc., fruit is a fruit with high nutritional value, containing a variety of vitamins, rich fat and protein, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium and other high content, in addition to eating as a fruit can also be used as dishes and cans, has a high cultivation value, let's take a look at avocado cultivation techniques!

Avocado cultivation conditions

Avocado likes light, likes warm and humid climate, not cold tolerance, only individual varieties can tolerate short-term low temperature of 0 ° C, cultivated in the world at 40°S~40°N, suitable for annual average temperature of 20~25 ° C, cold resistance varies with different varieties (Mexico line has strong cold resistance, Guatemala line and West India line have weak cold resistance), cold resistant varieties can withstand-6℃ low temperature, varieties with low cold resistance will dry up at 0℃ low temperature, annual rainfall needs to be more than 1000 mm, roots are shallow, branches are fragile, can not withstand strong wind, strong wind influence can lead to yield reduction, strong adaptability to soil.

Avocado propagation method

Avocado is propagated by seed or grafting. When sowing, seed coat should be stripped off and germinated in sand bed. Plant in a place with deep soil layer, good drainage and shelter from wind. Plant spacing is 5*(6~7) m. Mixed planting of varieties can ensure pollination. Grafting is best to use container seedlings, seedling diameter 0.8~1 cm can be grafted, multi-use bud grafting or abdominal grafting method, seedlings 50~60 cm can be planted, planting plant spacing 5~6 meters, grafted seedlings planted 3~4 years or seedlings 4~6 years bear fruit, mature trees yield 25~50 kg, high yield 100~150 kg.

Fertilization Techniques for Avocado

1. Nitrogen fertilizer is routinely applied more than 4 times a year, usually by withdrawal or irrigation system. Organic fertilizer is applied at the young fruit stage of adult trees, 50 kg per plant, 50 g compound fertilizer, and then applied once after harvest, doubling the quantity.

2. When leaf analysis indicates that phosphorus and potassium content is low, phosphorus and potassium can be applied. In some types of soil, zinc can be applied by applying fertilizer containing zinc or foliar spraying. Spraying in spring when new leaves are developing is most effective. The most effective method for crop growth in calcareous soil or soil with low oxygen content is to inject chelated iron solution into root zone.

3. When there is nitrogen in some soils and irrigation water, the amount of nitrogen used should be reduced. If new leaves are rarely seen growing on trees and the leaves are gray or bear more fruits, nitrogen fertilizer should be increased.

Avocado pest control

1. Anthrax

Anthracnose is an important disease of avocado, mainly damaging mature fruits, but also infecting leaves, twigs, flowers and young fruits, causing fruit drop and fruit rot, shortening shelf life. The disease usually occurs after the fruit ripens, and the diameter of the disease spot before ripening does not exceed 5 mm, round, slightly concave, brown or black. Under suitable conditions, the lesions spread rapidly, the depression was obvious, the radial cracking appeared in the center of the lesions, and finally the lesions were connected and pink conidia appeared. As the fruit ripens, pathogens can invade the flesh, causing black-green dry rot.

[Control] Remove diseased branches in the orchard, cut off diseased leaves, eliminate infectious sources, carry out low temperature pretreatment and low temperature storage as soon as possible after harvest, almost all avocado varieties are sensitive to this pathogen, the key to control is to minimize the occurrence of other fruit diseases (especially cercospora spot disease) and avoid mechanical damage in fruit transportation.

2. scab disease

[Hazard] The damaged fruit produces slight round brown scar-like protrusions at the initial stage, then turns brown to light purple. After the fruit matures, the disease spots are united, the center is sunken, and the pericarp is rough. The fruit flavor quality was not affected by the disease, but the appearance quality decreased seriously. In the young fruit stage, if cold, wet weather, the disease occurs seriously. It can also damage the leaves, brown spots appear on the affected leaves, the leaves shrink, the disease spots further develop into stars, and the center is perforated. Leaf damage often occurs at the top of the canopy, and the disease spots are mostly in the back grain of the leaf, the disease spots are small, discrete and discontinuous, and are not easy to observe. Lesions on petioles and branchlets ovoid, easily confused with spots caused by scale insects.

[Control] Cut off diseased branches to reduce pathogens, spray Bordeaux mixture or other copper preparations.

3. Cercospora spot disease

[Harm] It can harm leaves, stems and fruits. Infects fruit, forming dead spots on its surface or causing cuticle cracking, cracks can cause anthracnose infection. When infested leaves, first appeared 2~5 mm withered spots on leaves, early brown, then purple, spots extended to both sides of leaves, irregular shape, serious, withered spots united to form larger withered spots.

[Control] Chemical control, spraying copper preparations and azoxystrobin on branches and fruits.

4. Small hole shell rot

[Hazard] The symptoms of infected fruits are not obvious before picking, and the disease spots are small and shallow. The symptoms become obvious during the ripening process after fruit harvest and softening. At the beginning, small and irregular brown to red spots appeared on the pericarp. Due to the invasion of vascular bundles, brown stripes could be seen on the flesh when peeling the pericarp, and then purple-brown irregular spots appeared on the pedicel. As the fruit ripens, the epidermal lesions gradually grow and blacken and dent, the brown pericarp is covered with a layer of grayish brown mycelium and spores, and brown pulp and juice flow out, emitting an unpleasant smell.