Four main points of flower and plant maintenance in summer

Every summer, it is difficult for many flowers to endure. The rainy season of high temperature, hot heat and stagnant water is difficult for them to tide over. So how can we take care of these delicate flowers in the hot summer?

Rose (details)

The first thing to pay attention to is that plants can not be exposed to high temperature for a long time. Different flowers and even different periods of the same flower have different requirements for light. Many shade-loving flowers are not adapted to the strong light environment in midsummer, so the light should be filtered out by 50% to 80%. The flowers that need to be filtered are orchid, evergreen, asparagus, camellia, southern bamboo, gardenia, rhododendron, magnolia and so on. In addition, some flowers are afraid of high temperature and are prone to bad health and dormancy in high temperature weather. Put the plant on a ventilated balcony or spray water on the leaves to lower the temperature. The flowers that need to cool down are orchids (details), calla lilies, geraniums, begonia and so on.

Secondly, Rain Water is sufficient in summer, and it is easy to accumulate water in the flowerpot, so we should pay attention to timely drainage, otherwise the soil is easy to harden, and the anoxia in the pot soil will cause flowers to suffocate to death. Fleshy root flowers are particularly afraid of stagnant water in the basin, such as orchids, dahlias, cactus and so on.

Third, the summer high temperature and rainy, air humidity is too large, a single ventilation condition is not good, it is easy to occur diseases and insect pests, red spiders, aphids, white spot disease and so on. Therefore, we must pay attention to the continuous rainy season, we must strengthen ventilation.

In addition, the stalks of some spiders are too high and can easily be broken in a storm, so they must be prepared to prevent lodging before heavy rain.

Finally, it is necessary to control watering for some flowers such as string red and zinnia in summer, otherwise it is easy to grow branches and leaves without blooming. At the same time, it can also be used to remove buds and buds and other methods to prevent excessive growth of branches and leaves.

The main points of the design of the creative courtyard garden in the big house

PART1: there are many types of small courtyards. Whether it is building a new courtyard or renovating an existing courtyard, the following aspects should be considered:

(1) the courtyard floor is often connected to the house, and the courtyard floor surface should be at least 15cm lower than the house, in order to prevent Rain Water from inflow and anti-tide.

(2) the function of paving should be carefully considered in order to select the appropriate size of paving material and design the paving pattern according to the shape and size of the courtyard.

(3) Sun chairs, tea tables, swings and simple children's play facilities are often placed in the courtyard space, which should be in contrast with the color and texture of the floor to achieve an ideal landscape effect.

(4) consider courtyard drainage to prevent water from becoming puddles on rainy days.

(5) if there are adult trees in the courtyard, the paving should be more than 3 times the pole diameter to prevent the lack of moisture and the uplift of the paving.

PART2: key points of Villa Courtyard Landscape Design

The first step in building a beautiful courtyard is to do a good job in courtyard landscape design. First of all, the style of the courtyard landscape should be determined, and a plan should be made according to environmental conditions, family composition and maintenance capacity.

1. the choice of courtyard landscape design style.

There are many different styles in the courtyard, and the basic style is generally determined according to the preferences of the owners. The style of the courtyard can be simply divided into two categories: regular style and natural style. At present, private courtyards can be divided into four major schools in style: Asian Chinese style, Japanese style, European French style and British style. On the other hand, architecture has a variety of different styles and types, such as the gap between classical and modern, the contrast between avantgarde and tradition, and the difference between the East and the West.

The common practice is to roughly determine the type of courtyard according to the style of the building. In the past, the typical Japanese courtyard style, such as miscellaneous wood garden and tea garden, often integrated the natural scenery into the courtyard, giving people a sense of elegance and serenity. However, it is difficult to unify Japanese-style courtyard and western-style architecture, and Japanese-style architecture and regular courtyard also feel incompatible, so it is necessary to consider the coordination between courtyard landscape design style and buildings.

Courtyard color is also one of the factors that affect the style of courtyard landscape design. One technique for color planning is to determine the main tone of the courtyard according to the building color and the surrounding environment. Foliage plants are very important in the design of gardens. In Britain and other European countries, it is natural to plant foliage plants in flower beds. Green variegated plants with white spots are brighter than pure green species, such as Saussurea involucrata with silver leaves, Artemisia annua, and so on, which can set off the flower bed more brightly, while other colorful leaf plants with orange, red and purple leaves can form a strong contrast and increase the bright and pleasant sense of tone. In addition, we can also consider the change of leaf shape, the difference of texture and so on. Summer is a season with a wide variety of flowering plants, so a variety of color combinations can be made, embellished with wild perennial flowers. In summer, even with a variety of color combinations with high color brightness, there will be no sense of clutter. For example, you can use gorgeous, different colors of goldfish grass to form a number of lively color blocks, which can be embellished with some silver leaf plants or white flower snowballs to neutralize.

2. The influence of courtyard drainage and light conditions.

Drainage, light, ventilation and soil quality will affect the growth and development of plants, especially whether the light is sufficient or not is an important condition to determine which flowers can be cultivated. Generally speaking, it is ideal to build the garden in a place with good light conditions and facing south, so we must first find out the geographical conditions of the villa courtyard, such as the sunshine time of the day, the treatment of the shady and sunny side, and so on. On this basis, the plant species suitable for these environments are selected. And the shady place can also make the courtyard landscape design, such as the shady garden can be built for viewing.

3. The needs of family members

The courtyard style can also reflect the way of life of the families living here. Only the working couple's families have no time to take care of flowers and plants, so they often grow only flowers or perennial flowers in the courtyard; the courtyards of families with young children should lay lawns for toys and plant some colorful annual or biennial grass flowers and bulbs; if anyone in the family is interested in plant conservation and management, they can plant flowers in season to build a perfect viewing garden. In a word, the style of courtyard landscape and the species of plants cultivated should be selected according to the composition of family members and age structure.

4. The size of the courtyard area

Larger houses can choose a wide range of courtyard landscape styles, because the larger the area, the more plant species to choose from, and the collocation can be more complicated, but the overall consistency must be taken into account when planting to avoid conflicts. On the other hand, the available area of the narrow house is limited, so there must be a careful configuration plan and fewer plant species should be planted. Regardless of the size of the courtyard, the paving of the road is essential. The general courtyard scriptures can be paved with natural stone or various floor tiles and black and white pebbles. The layout of the courtyard is crucial. Advocating simplicity can plant some flowers in the courtyard, or make a nursery of green plants. If you want to achieve a more ideal landscape effect, many people will hire professional designers to design and make the courtyard, to make a unique courtyard landscape design style. For example, the use of zigzag paths with tall trees makes people feel "deep in the courtyard", while the use of curved arches, carved railings, column scrolls and carefully trimmed dwarf plants is a vivid reappearance of European amorous feelings.

Four elements of Chrysanthemum cultivation in Saline-alkali Land of Dezhou City

Located in the northwest of Shandong Province, which is heavily salinized, how to raise chrysanthemums well is an issue that people pay close attention to. As a famous chrysanthemum producing area in China, Dezhou has won honors in previous national chrysanthemum exhibitions. I would like to discuss the cultivation, management and practical experience of Dezhou chrysanthemum with my colleagues.

In the process of long-term cultivation, chrysanthemum has gradually formed special requirements for the external natural environment, and its cultivation has four technical points:

(1) soil improvement

Chrysanthemum prefers neutral acid humic soil with good drainage and air permeability. Therefore, various moderate cultivated soils should be allocated according to different needs, and the key link is to apply more, re-apply and frequently apply organic fertilizers, plus furnace ash, a small amount of phosphate fertilizer and black alum, which can greatly improve saline-alkali soil.

The soil structure of chrysanthemum cultivation can be divided into the following types:

1. Plain sand adopts clean sand with few colloidal particles and good drainage performance.

2. In autumn, the common culture soil is mixed with 50% leaves (compacted volume), 30% sawdust and 20% horse dung, and spilled thoroughly with water. If there is no horse dung, use 70% of leaves and 30% of sawdust, then use dilute human feces and urine, sprinkle and pile up, seal and ferment with 10cm thick garden soil, turn it once or twice in March or April of the next spring, make it evenly fermented and crushed, and then mix it evenly with 40% sand and 20% furnace ash according to volume proportion, often keep moist, the two kinds of soil are fully adjusted, and become ordinary culture soil after stacking for two months. It can be used in the same year and the next year.

3. Fertilized culture soil ordinary culture soil mixed with rotten dung or bean cake 2 months before use, stack it evenly.

4. The ordinary culture soil of heavy fertilizer culture soil was mixed with 30% to 40% bone meal and 0.1% bone powder two months before use.

And evenly.

Before the use of the above three kinds of culture soil, it is necessary to use a coarse-hole sieve while rubbing into particles (when the humidity reaches the shape, kneading will disperse), and when used, appropriate amount of insecticidal and germicidal pesticides should be mixed.

(2) Water treatment

Water is closely related to the growth and development of chrysanthemum, and irrigation should be carried out according to the growth and development stage of chrysanthemum. Irrigation and water control are still important, at the same time, it also depends on the temperature, cloudy and sunny weather, dry and wet air, new and old size of flowerpots, materials, etc., flexibly control the amount of water.

one. Watering spring, summer and autumn around 10:00 every morning, and watering in the afternoon in winter, it is appropriate to wet the water to the bottom of the basin. Do not nest water (too much watering, so that the bottom of the basin water), but also to beware of waist water (insufficient water, only wet to half of the basin), but also to prevent "running water" (the middle of the basin soil is not dry, the water runs away in the gap of the soil).

2. look for water to see the degree of dryness and wetness of the basin soil, to keep the same degree of wetness of the basin soil, and if necessary, the search for water can not be limited by time and times.

3. Release water for a long time or overwatering on weekdays, in order to prevent waterlogging, cut the basin to make the soil breathable, control the amount of watering, and keep the basin soil moist.

4. After Qinshui Bailu Festival, chrysanthemums enter the prosperous period in mid-September, combined with topdressing, increase the amount of water (not too much).

5. Spray water in spring and autumn dry wind season, in addition to normal watering, spray water once a day with a spray can prevent seedlings from drying and scorching in spring, maintain fresh branches and leaves in autumn, and improve ornamental effect. Spraying water in muggy summer evenings can cool down and prevent disease. Cutting seedlings should be sprayed more often to keep moist.

6. permeable pots change pots or pots on the ground, no matter the size of the flowerpots, apply dry soil, plant pots pier solid, put in a fixed place, the day after planting should be watered thoroughly (in case of September, do not pour water).

7. Prevention of drought and flood

(1) drought and dehydration. Due to dry days or missed watering or running water in flowerpots, the basin soil is too dry, chrysanthemum plants are dehydrated, leaves are shrunk and twigs droop. In this case, do not immediately watering, should first put the basin in the semi-shade, less water or spray some water to the leaves, such as stem and leaf recovery upright, and then pour water, to prevent chrysanthemum plant root injury, dehydration and deformation.

(2) prevent stagnant water and waterlogging. When putting on the pot, first pad the drainage hole at the bottom of the flowerpot with tiles, and according to the size of the flowerpot, first put on the 1-7cm culture soil sieve slag (or furnace ash) as a water seepage layer, to ensure that the remaining water is removed at any time, and check every two days, and find that there is stagnant water in the basin, poke the bottom hole with a bamboo stick and remove it quickly, usually pay attention not to let earthworms block the drainage hole, even on cloudy days, you can dump the chrysanthemum basin.

8. Changing water Dezhou soil alkali water contains alkali and high mineral content, which is extremely disadvantageous to flower cultivation. Therefore, the water should be treated to change alkali water into good water. Can use groundwater, tap water, use pool sun water precipitation method, also can add a small amount of black alum, make alkaline become neutral or partial acid water.

(3) fertilization and adjustment

Fertilizer is the nutrition of plants, lack of fertilizer or improper fertilization will cause the weakness or death of chrysanthemum plants, so it is more appropriate to say "fertilization" rather than "topdressing".

1. Organic fertilizer is the backbone and foundation of fertilizer. Before application, it must be fermented to change raw fertilizer into mature fertilizer, which can be based on rotten human feces, urine and bone powder, which can be mixed into the culture soil 3 months before use, so that it can be fully mixed before use. Horseshoe slices as base fertilizer, sesame cake or soybean cake as base fertilizer (topdressing can also be used). All kinds of organic fertilizers need to be fermented for years and used with water in late autumn to make chrysanthemums exuberant. In order to prevent the bonding of the soil surface, affect the permeability of the basin soil, cause falling flowers and defoliation, avoid excessive concentration when mixing with water, and should not be fertilized frequently.

2. Inorganic fertilizer, calcium superphosphate or mineral powder can be mixed with human culture soil as base fertilizer. Pay attention to the careful use of ammonium sulfate and urea, improper use can make the chrysanthemum plant dry and die or cause futile growth. When topdressing, apply less and diligently. Potassium sulfate and potassium chloride can be put into human base fertilizer and topdressing, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea can be sprayed outside the root in the later stage.

(4) Light treatment

Chrysanthemum is a typical short-day plant, which is very sensitive to light, so it can be used to extend the sunshine time (about 14 hours per day) or shorten the sunshine time (about 10 hours per day for 40 days) to blossom in advance or postpone flowering. There have been many successful experiences in the northwest of Shandong Province.

1. Potted chrysanthemum can pay attention to shading and shading maintenance in spring and summer, it can keep the development of chrysanthemum plants symmetrical, fresh and tender branches and leaves, cuttage seedlings in spring and summer, and properly adjust the light to promote the normal growth of seedlings.

2. pot chrysanthemum to autumn and winter, there should be sufficient light time to keep the flowers bright, but the precious varieties of ink chrysanthemum and green clouds should be properly shaded, so that the shape of flowers will not change.

3. Chrysanthemum for the first exhibition, can be moved to indoor observation, it is appropriate to diffuse sunlight, short-day potted chrysanthemum, in addition to shading, should also maintain sufficient sunlight.

Qiao Weimin

Rapid improvement of saline-alkali soil and water in gardens

Building the city in green is the strongest voice of the times. More than 100 cities in China are located in saline-alkali areas, and the landscaping of saline-alkali land is a difficult problem in the world, including irrigation, alkaline underground water quality and high hardness. Using horticultural saline-alkali soil to improve fertilizer and saline-alkali improver to control garden green soil is a feasible, low-investment and practical shortcut, which can significantly improve the survival rate of greening.

At the end of the 20th century, the International Federation of Architects was held in Beijing. The prospect of the conference for the new century is to build the city in a green environment. At present, the construction of eco-cities throughout the country is developing rapidly. In the sixth stage of urban development in China, the main task is to develop green, but the greening of saline-alkali areas in the whole country has always been a difficult problem. More than 100 cities in China are located in saline-alkali areas, and saline-alkali land improvement techniques, including underground pipe salt discharge and alkali isolation, have been popularized throughout the country. In recent years, we began to explore the rapid improvement of saline-alkali soil and water in gardens, and achieved preliminary results. The techniques for rapid improvement of soil and water are arranged as follows:

(1) Rapid improvement of saline-alkali soil

The formula design of "horticultural saline-alkali soil improvement fertilizer" (hereinafter referred to as improved fertilizer) is made of 10 kinds of raw materials, such as "sodium ion adsorbent", soil acidifier, chemical improver, humic acid, rooting element and so on. It contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and many kinds of trace elements, organic improver and inorganic modifier, quick effect and late effect, the best proportion of NPK content, using the reaction principle of acid and alkali, the principle of ion exchange and the principle of salt transformation, the physical and chemical properties of saline-alkali soil can be improved, pH value and salt content can be reduced, and soil fertility can be improved, which can be used as base fertilizer and topdressing fertilizer. Set alkali and fattening in one.

"Sodium ion adsorbent" has strong exchange capacity and can adsorb Na+, S042 -, C1-in saline-alkali soil. After applying human improvement fertilizer, soil can reduce pH value and alkalinity, absorb ammonium and potassium ions and increase the exchange capacity of soil cations, so as to achieve the purpose of soil improvement and desalination, make the soil develop in favor of plant growth, and be effective for plants growing under saline-alkali site conditions for one or two years. In addition, due to the good exchange performance of the "sodium ion adsorbent", it can be used to improve the cation exchange capacity, adjust the pH value, exchange and capture harmful metal ions in the soil, and reduce the soil salt content. The effect is very obvious, and the desalination rate can reach 18.6%-29.3%.

At present, since the improved Fei Bai was popularized throughout the country in 1997, eight special formulations have been confirmed: Dezhou formula, Tianjin formula, Yinchuan formula, Panjin formula, Lanzhou formula, Yancheng formula, Liaocheng formula and Dongying formula. In 2003, the formula was continuously adjusted and the third generation formula was launched, especially the acidity increased in varying degrees, the pH value 5.5mur6.0. Improved fertilizer can be used for the cultivation of trees, green spaces and lawns (ground application).

In recent years, the Bohai Rim area with Tianjin as the center has become a hot spot of national economic development, and how to effectively afforest the coastal saline-alkali zone has always been a difficult problem. The greening project of the water purification plant in Tianjin Development Zone undertaken by the Liuyuan nursery in Tianjin has a soil salinity of 0.40% and a soil pH value of 8.5. it belongs to coastal moderate saline-alkali land. 40 t improved fertilizer (Tianjin formula) was applied according to 1kg/m2, the mixed lawn of rye and tall fescue was 40 000 m ~ 2, the turf was formed once, and the green period of lawn was prolonged by 18 ~ 20 days. The project won the second place in the greening project evaluation of Tianjin Development Zone in 1996. Under the same site conditions of the development zone, the turf formation rate of the lawn without improvement fertilizer is 60%.

In the construction code, Tianjin Development area Luyuan Landscape Engineering Co., Ltd. has used improved fertilizer to control saline and alkali for many years, and has completed a number of projects such as greening in Cuiheng village, and the survival rate of trees has reached more than 95%.

Yan Xiuhua of Yinchuan Science and Technology Association planted poplar in saline-alkali land where pH was 8.0. the survival rate of each plant was 8.7% higher than that of the control by applying improved fertilizer (Yinchuan formula) 1kg. With the application of improved fertilizer 100kg per mu, the ground diameter growth increased by 0.49cm compared with the control, and the growth height and ground diameter increased by 0.44m and 0.27cm respectively compared with the control.

Dezhou Huaneng Power Plant is located in the moderate saline-alkali area dominated by chloride and sulfate in the northwest of Shandong Province. 36 cedar trees in the plant green space die frequently because of saline-alkali damage, each plant is only sprinkled with 2kg improvement fertilizer (Texas formula) on the surface loose soil watering, rapid improvement of saline-alkali soil, 36 cedar trees immediately "come back to life", and miraculously pulled out green new buds.

The practice in recent years shows that the improved fertilizer has the advantage of rapid treatment compared with other alkali methods in the treatment of saline-alkali soil below moderate (salt content less than 0.4%). Especially when trees, flowers and lawns have a tight construction period, it is too late to apply other alkali measures, so it is easy to use improved fertilizer. As long as the improved fertilizer is spread on the surface to loosen the soil and water, the soil pH value can decrease rapidly, but the decrease in salt content will take several months to take effect. Generally, one-time application is effective within 2 years. DBH 5cm trees per 0.5~1kg, especially for the heavier alkali spots in green space, can be applied "a small amount" or "many times" at intervals of several days to be effective.

(2) Rapid improvement of alkaline water and brackish water

For many years, the ways to improve saline-alkali water quality have been discussed at home and abroad. Electrodialysis desalination technology has been available in Beijing, while water treatment equipment in Tianjin has not been widely popularized because of its high cost. Salt water and alkaline water are very disadvantageous to trees and flowers, and improving water is the forerunner. Watering fresh water and improved water is the key. Even if the improved soil is still irrigated with slightly alkaline water with a pH value above 7.8, it will become alkaline soil again after a few months.

It is generally believed that salinity beyond 2g/L is salt water, which will cause salt damage to plants and is not suitable for irrigating plants. Most of the soil and irrigation well water in northern China are salty and alkaline, and shallow well groundwater and deep well groundwater are used to irrigate garden green space in many places. Even in good land, watering saline-alkali water quality also leads to secondary salinization of the land, especially in saline-alkali land, alkaline water is undoubtedly adding salt to salt.

The salinity of alkaline water is generally not high, but the pH value is on the high side, which will cause soil alkalization. The salinity of brackish water is 2-3g/L, even if the pH value is neutral, it will cause soil salinization.

In the past, some people used ferrous sulfate to improve alkaline water quality, but both theory and practice show that this method will cause too much sulfur and available iron in the soil, solidify the soil and cause plant poisoning and death. Moreover, calcium, magnesium, manganese and copper were antagonistic to iron and reduced the availability of iron.

Some people use oxalic acid to improve saline-alkali water quality, but the result is not ideal, because oxalic acid can precipitate trace elements in water. So it didn't succeed.

The irrigation water quality standard of the Ministry of Agriculture stipulates that "the salt content of the irrigation water quality standard for farmland irrigation on non-saline-alkali soil should not exceed 1500mg/L". Among the cations in salt water, sodium is the most. Excessive sodium will cause soil salinization and harm garden plants.

In 2000, we were promoting the basic work of saline-alkali soil improvement and fertilizer, and introduced saline-alkali improver, which was composed of 8 kinds of raw materials. Compared with the improved fertilizer, the content of NPK decreased, while the composition of organic acid and organic matter increased. The water quality of irrigation is improved by ion adsorption, acid-alkali neutralization and salt transformation, which has the advantages of low cost and fast effect.

Daming Lake Park in Jinan is located in a neutral fertile land. The soil is secondary salinized by irrigation of brackish water, which makes Pinus elliottii fallen leaves and yellowed for many years, and many plants die. In 2002, saline-alkali modifier was applied to make Pinus elliottii turn green.

Hengshui Development Zone (moderately saline-alkali land), planting 3600 Henan juniper. After the trees were planted, each plant was sprinkled with saline-alkali improver 1.5kg. Although the water quality was too alkaline, the survival rate reached 92.6%. It has achieved the effect of rapid improvement of saline-alkali soil, while the survival rate of 80 Henan juniper without saline-alkali improver is only 50%.

Due to the high groundwater level (salty and alkaline water quality), chlorosis occurred in Fatong and Longbai, and the application of improver also had a good effect.

(3) several problems that should be paid attention to in "rapid improvement"

1. Adaptive planting

In different degrees of saline-alkali soil. In order to cultivate garden plants, we should adhere to the principle of "suitable land and suitable trees", and select trees and flowers with certain saline-alkali tolerance, which is also an important means to cooperate with the rapid improvement of saline-alkali soil and water. (such as the light of salt on the lawn)

2. Change alkali and suitable tree, scientific management

The application of improved fertilizer and improver, soil improvement and water control, rapid improvement of saline-alkali soil, planting of valuable tree species and acidic soil flowers and trees should be raised and cultivated in the green space with high groundwater level, and the watering of "big water pressure salt" and "wet and dry" should be moderate. tree management is carried out according to the ecological habits of different tree species. In order to have a better greening effect.

3. Effective range of rapid improvement

The use of improved fertilizers and modifiers for saline-alkali treatment is only suitable for medium and mild saline-alkali soil and water treatment (pH 7.8-8.8, soil salt content less than 0.4%, water salt content no more than 0.3% or salinity less than 3g/L). The effect of alkaline soil is better than that of salinized soil.

The soil and water with heavy salinity should adopt the technology of salt discharge and salt isolation layer greening in guest soil. The dosage of improved fertilizer per m2 is 0.5~lkg, and the amount of improver per m21-1.5kg. Only by properly increasing the dosage of big trees (DBH 8-15cm) can we get twice the result with half the effort.

Wei Kunfeng and Liu Huiyuan (Dezhou Saline-Alkali soil Greening Research Institute 253016)

Liu Haicong (Tianjin Luyuan Environmental Landscape Engineering Co., Ltd. 300457)

Cuttage Seedling of Fig in plastic greenhouse

Figs belong to the genus Ficus of Moraceae. Deciduous shrubs can also be used as small trees, about 3Mu5m high. Its branches are smooth, the leaves are large, thick and thick green, the crown is complete, the posture is beautiful, and it has high ornamental value. Figs have few diseases and insect pests, have strong adaptability to saline-alkaline soil, and grow well on soil with a salt content of 0.2% Mel 0.5%. Due to the influence of climate, the soil of urban green space has an increasing trend of secondary salinization, and figs increasingly show the advantages of resistance to salinization. Figs grow on secondary salinized soil or saline-alkali soil without soil change, and there is no salt damage. It has strong ability to resist drought, dust and sulfur dioxide. The fruit is edible after ripening and tastes delicious, and the stems and branches and fruits also have medicinal value. The seedlings grow for 3 ~ 4 years and can survive the winter without burying the soil or helping to prevent cold. It is one of the good greening tree species loved by people in coastal saline-alkali areas. The ramet and pressing of figs are easy to survive, but the coefficient of cutting culture is not as large as that of cuttings. The methods of hardwood cutting are introduced as follows.

(1) soil profile

The soil of Hekou community nursery belongs to salinized fluvo-aquic soil, the groundwater level is 0.7mi 1m, the soil salt content is 0.25% mi 0.35%, the total nitrogen content is 0.012% mi 0.037%, the salinity of groundwater is 10~20g/L, available phosphorus is 5-6mg/L, available potassium 75mg/L, and the content of organic matter is 0.35% Mel 0.46%.

(2) Land preparation to make beds

At the beginning of October, before the plastic film was covered in the greenhouse, the land was leveled, applying phosphate fertilizer 50kg and sulfur powder 2kg per mu, spreading evenly, turning deeply, and fully drying, so as to kill the harmful bacteria of the soil, enhance the soil permeability and improve the fertility.

(3) cutting and treatment of cuttings

From the end of October to the middle of November, the current year branches of figs with strong growth, no diseases and insect pests and thickness of 1-2cm were selected as seed strips. Sterilize before cutting and soak the whole branch in 500 times carbendazim solution for half an hour. Sharp scissors should be used when cutting, which can prevent the split of the cut and facilitate the healing of the wound and the formation of adventitious roots.

The cutting method of cuttings is as follows: each cuttage is cut into 10-15cm long, on which there are 2 Mel 4 buds; the scissors should be cut into horseshoe shape from the 0.5cm of the lower end of the cuttings and the reverse side of the buds, so as to facilitate the healing of large area wounds and rooting of cuttings; the upper end of cuttings is cut into a flat mouth away from the upper bud 0.5cm, which not only reduces water evaporation, but also facilitates wound healing. It doesn't matter whether you use hormones or not.

(4) cutting method and cutting time

Cutting, the row spacing is lOcm × l5cm or 15cm × 20cm, which is not only beneficial to the growth of seedlings, but also save the area in the greenhouse. The cuttage depth is suitable for the length of cuttings 1 to 2 and 2 to 3. The lowest upper bud is 3-4cm off the soil to avoid drowning the buds when watering the seedlings. Due to the large content of soluble salt in the water soaked in the soil, it is easy to cause salt damage to the buds, forming the situation of "pickled vegetables" and affecting the emergence of buds, which should be cut, treated and cut. The following treatment refers to disinfecting the seed strips and dipping the wound fluid into plant ash to control the liquid flow.

The suitable time for cutting is after the figs have fallen leaves, before the soil is frozen, that is, from the end of October to the middle of November, and after the plastic film is covered in the greenhouse. At this time, the fig leaves fall off, and the branches store a lot of nutrients, which is easy to cultivate. Note that if the branches suffer frost injury, it will affect the survival rate of cuttings. Large-area cutting breeding is in the late autumn and early winter, the idle labor is relatively concentrated, and the price is also cheap.

(5) Management after cutting

After cutting, the soil will be solid, so that the soil and cuttings close, timely watering, pay attention to the plastic greenhouse heat preservation and humidification and wind protection. In the shed, when the temperature is high at noon, we should ventilate and adjust the temperature in time, and pay attention to observe the soil moisture to ensure the moisture needed for cuttings. From the middle of November to the end of February of next year, the greenhouse should be covered with grass grille at night to keep moisture and heat preservation. Because of the low temperature, cuttings generally neither take root nor sprout, as long as the soil is not very dry. Due to the rise of temperature in March next year, the daily average temperature in the greenhouse is 15Mel 20 ℃, and cuttings begin to take root and sprout. at this time, excessive and inappropriate buds should be removed in time. When the new shoot grows to 10-15cm, a small amount of urea can be applied in combination with watering (2.5~3kg per mu), or 0.1% urea can be sprayed on the leaves to ensure the normal growth of seedlings. 800 times of omethoate was sprayed to control whitefly. The temperature is stable from mid-April to early May, remove the plastic film from the greenhouse, refine and squat seedlings, loosen the soil and weed in time, and promote the growth and development of seedling roots. From June to July, a large number of leaves grew, and when the height reached 60-80cm, the seedlings were removed and planted in the nursery or pot on overcast and rainy days. Under the normal management according to the row spacing of 60cm × 90cm plants in the nursery, the plant height could reach 1.5ml 2m in November. (Li Hongguang)