Grafting methods of Cherry trees

Cherry is an early tree fruit, known as "the first branch of a hundred fruits." Fruit can be eaten as a fruit, nutrition is very rich, but also very popular. So how are cherry trees grafted? Here's how to graft cherry trees:

Grafted seedling cultivation

1. Scion collection: scion collection can be carried out one month before budding. The fruiting branches and developing branches with strong growth, high quality and high yield, strong adaptability and no diseases and insect pests were selected, and the sturdy branches outside the crown were the best. The wax is sealed after harvest and tied up according to the variety. It was stored at low temperature (5 Mel / 8 ℃) and taken as needed.

2. Suitable grafting: branch grafting is carried out before the rootstock germinates to sprout and spread leaves in spring, and the specific period varies according to region and climate, such as Shandong from the end of March to early April, Henan in late March, Hebei in mid-late April and Liaoning in early May.

Grafting method

The grafting techniques of cherry trees usually use bud grafting and plate bud grafting.

1. Budding

① suitable bud grafting: the suitable time for bud grafting can be divided into Prophase and anaphase. The early stage is within 15-24 days in the middle and late ten days of 3}, and the later period is from the end of July to August, sometimes to the middle of September for a period of 50 days. The grafting is too early, the scion is young, the skin is thin, the development of the bud is not full, and the grafting is too late. Most of the branches have stopped growing and the buds are not easy to peel off.

② panicle selection and bud selection: in different time of bud grafting, brushing and budding should be selected differently. 5-6 full buds in the middle of robust branches should be selected for early budding sweet cherry seedlings grafting and post-grafting management. In the later stage of bud grafting, the buds on the robust scion can be used as buds except for the signature buds and autumn shoot buds. September budding, then from the crown bore of the long branches, 1 more than select full buds for budding.

③ cutting buds: when buds are grafted, buds are first cut and grafted by secret grafting. The buds grafted should be large, about 25 cm long and I cm wide. In order to increase the contact surface of anvil and bud cambium and improve the survival rate. The buds grafted are too small to survive, even if the anvil and buds heal and survive, the buds are easy to burst and warp, or grow poorly or even die.

④ grafting and binding: after the buds are cut, cut a knife across the rootstock near the ground, about I cm long. As deep as xylem. Then cut vertically from the center of the horizontal blade, 2.5 cm long to the xylem. When inserting bud slices, use the tip of the knife to gently peel off the left and right cortices from top to bottom. Then the buds will be gently embedded in the cortex of the rootstock. Avoid hard push straight in, so as not to rub buds or rootstock cortex, resulting in glue flow, affecting survival. Finally, it is tightly bound with a polyethylene film strip about t cm wide. After budding. It can be healed after half a month and unbound after 20 days. The survival rate is more than 80%.

2. Sheet budding

Plate budding can be carried out all the year round, as follows.

① collection scion: the thickness of the rootstock for grafting should be more than 1 cm, the scion should collect 1-year-old branches, and full buds should be selected as buds.

② cutting buds: when cutting buds, cut the buds at 1.5cm below the buds and gently cut the buds off the scion to form a length of 2.5cm. Thick-2 mm oval bud piece.

③ careful grafting: when grafting. Choose a smooth part at the base of the rootstock 1 cm from the ground and gently peel off a layer of skin along the vertical red direction. Form a long oval face about 25 cm long and 1-2 mm deep (to expose the yellowish green cortex) and then. Stick the sprouts tightly on the cutting surface of the rootstock and tie them tightly with plastic tape.

Post-grafting management

1. Cutting stock: before the grafted seedlings sprout, cut off the stem of the rootstock at 0.2 cm above the bud. Then transplant according to 15muri 20cm plant spacing and 50Murray 60cm row spacing.

2. De-sprouting: the buds were grafted after cutting and transplanting, and the rootstock buds germinated first. Sprouting after budding. Therefore, when the rootstock buds germinate, the buds of rootstock L should be wiped out in time to promote the germination and growth of grafted buds. Since then, it will be removed for 3-4 times in a row. After budding, choose to keep a healthy shoot.

3. Binding: when the new shoot is 10 cm long, insert a pillar near the seedling. The Sichuan hemp rope or plastic film belt binds the new ends to the pillar L to prevent the wind from breaking the new ends. After that. As the new shoots grow. Tied up every 24 centimeters.

4. Fertilizer and water: quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer was applied continuously 3 times every 20 days after germination. Apply 150 kg urinas per hectare with water at a rate of 120ml / ha. No more topdressing after May to avoid excessive growth of seedlings.

5. Pest control: during the growth of seedlings, it is necessary to do a good job in pest control. After germination, it is necessary to strictly prevent the small gray weevil, which can be captured manually, or 80% crystal trichlorfon can be used as poison bait. From June to July, 1000 times of 50% fenitrothion EC or 2500 times of 2.5% deltamethrin EC can be used to control pear heart borer. Spray 1-2 times from July to August with 65% Dysen zinc wettable powder 500 times, or 40% manganese zinc 600-800 times, or zinc sulfate lime solution (1 part of zinc sulfate, 4 parts of hydrated lime, 240 parts of water, and fully mixed) to prevent bacterial perforation and early defoliation. Leaf roll moth, diamondback moth and other pests can be sprayed with 2000 times of 25% thiazuron 3 or 1000-1500 times of dichlorvos EC.

A good variety is too important for cherries. Cherries on the market can only be sold at a high price with good quality, so you might as well try Xiaobian's method to improve your cherry varieties.