Planting techniques of Actinidia chinensis

Red kiwifruit is a kind of edible and medicinal fruit, which contains vitamin C100-420 mg per 100 grams of fresh flesh, which is 5-10 times higher than citrus, 11-13 times higher than lemon and 20-80 times higher than apple. it belongs to the variety of red flesh kiwifruit in Chinese kiwifruit and is an extra early-maturing red heart variety. its offspring have stable genetic characters, strong stress resistance, large fruit, rich sweet and delicious flavor and good storage resistance.

Cuttage propagation

Red kiwifruit propagation by dormant branch cuttings has the characteristics of rich cuttings, more nutrients stored in the branches, fast growth of new shoots after rooting, and can be out of the nursery in the same year.

1. Select cuttings: the dormant branches are thin, and the cuttings take root earlier after cutting. If the dormant branch is thick, it takes root late, and it is easy to lose water and withered flowers under adverse climatic conditions. However, using too thin branches as cuttings, it is difficult to grow into robust seedlings, therefore, branches with a diameter of 8mm to 10mm should be selected to do cuttings.

2. Timely cutting: kiwifruit trees are generally pruned from January to mid-February, and the cuttings can be cut with the pruned branches. If the cuttings are collected earlier and the cutting time is late, the cuttings can be coated with protective agent, then collected and stored in plastic film, or stored under the condition of 5 ℃, or can also be preserved in a cold place in the open field. No matter which method is used to preserve the cuttings, we should strictly prevent the cuttings from losing water and drying up. The cutting period should not be later than April at the latest. Cutting bed soil should choose clean fine sand or sandy soil.

3. Cuttage treatment: in order to improve the seedling rate, red kiwifruit cuttings were cut and dipped in 50 times liquid rooting accelerator for 20 hours to fully absorb water to promote rooting. When using a wooden box to do a slotting machine, cuttings can be shorter, about 10 centimeters is appropriate. Use the field to do cuttings, cuttings should be longer, with 15 to 20 centimeters is appropriate, cutting should be deep.

4. Plant the pot in time: after the cuttings take root, you can plant the pot. The water retention of potted soil should be good, otherwise it will affect the growth of cutting seedlings. At the initial stage of transplanting, the diameter of the pot should be 10.5-12cm, and with the growth of seedlings, it should be transplanted to the large basin in time. After the new shoot of the cutting seedling is elongated, it should be supported by a pillar as soon as possible.

Artificial pollination

Red kiwifruit can produce large-scale fruit after artificial pollination. If there is no seed, all the fruits will fall. The greater the number of seeds, the larger the fruit.

1. Pollen collection: to collect the buds that swell before the male flowers bloom. Or collect the flowers after flowering and before flowering. Then sift the male flowers directly on the iron net with a mesh of 2mm. Or cut out the anther with scissors. Or use the medicine picker to collect aldehyde? The anther can then be thinly laid out on Kraft paper, etc., and placed for 1 day and night at a room temperature of 22-25 ℃ and a humidity of 50%, so as to prescribe the medicine. After prescribing the medicine, the pollen was collected with a sieve with a mesh of 80,100. When preserving kiwifruit pollen, you can first put it into a container such as a tea tube with desiccant, then wrap 1 teaspoon of pollen in medicine paper, and then store it in a cold storage. it can be taken out and used at any time if necessary.

2. The method of pollination: artificial pollination with cotton swabs within 3 days after the male flower blossoms. The fertilization ability can be maintained within 5 days after the male flower blossoms, and artificial pollination is reliable when the petals have not yet turned brown. Stone pine nuts can be used as pollen enhancers. Its increment is generally 30-50 times of pollen capacity. In order to enable the pollen to adhere to more pistils, the pollen and stone pine nuts can be packed in a plastic bag and fully vibrated and stirred. Kiwifruit pollen that has been diluted with stone pine nuts must be used on the same day. Pollination equipment can use cotton swabs or feathers. Pollination should be done carefully. When the stigma of female flowers is good, artificial pollination can sometimes be carried out in rain.

Garden construction

Kiwifruit is a trailing plant for many years, which has strong growth potential, rapid growth, large leaves and dioecious plants, and enters the fruiting stage after 3 years. It has the characteristics of light, moisture, slightly acidic soil, strong light, waterlogging and saline-alkaline soil. It is necessary to choose loam or sandy loam with convenient transportation, fertile land and convenient drainage and irrigation. cultivated on this soil, the root system is developed, the aboveground part grows vigorously, the fruit is more, and the fruit is big and the color is good. The second is gravel and clay. However, it is best to change soil by digging sand (stone) and improve it with sand before planting. The pH value of soil should be between 6.5 and 7.2, and it can be planted in hills, gentle slopes and flat land. The construction of a garden on the slope should be built into banded terraces or fish-scale pits according to contours to conserve water and fertilizer. Kiwifruit is afraid of strong winds, especially the hot and dry wind in summer, which often breaks the branches, scorching the leaf edges and shedding leaves, so the site of the garden should avoid the tuyere, and windbreak belts should be built in windy areas.

The seedlings in the garden had better be raised and used for their own use, so as to ensure the quality. If you buy seedlings, you must pay attention to identifying grafted seedlings and seedlings. The leaves of the seedlings are small, hairy, dark green and protruding. On the other hand, the grafted seedlings have large leaves, few hairs, light leaves, round or oval leaves, and the leaf tips are not prominent. In Guanzhong area, wild delicious kiwifruit should be selected as rootstock, so that the seedlings grow healthily and have strong resistance. Jinyan kiwifruit is a dioecious plant, in addition to planting female plants, a certain number of male plants must be allocated when the garden is established. It is required that the florescence of male plant is the same as that of female plant, with long flowering period, large amount of pollen, strong affinity and high pollen germination rate. The leaves of male plants are small and round, the color is dark green, and the leaves of female plants are large and slightly light. The male plant Internode is short and stout, the female plant Internode length is slightly thinner, the male plant petiole is short, the female plant petiole is long. Buds of male plants, middle main buds with velutinous exsertion. Buds of female plants, middle main buds protruding, smooth and round, without pilose hairs. The buds of kiwifruit are plump, exposed and easy to be knocked off in the process of transportation, so we should pay attention to protection.