Planting technique of pistachio

Pistachios are mainly produced in Syria, Iraq, Iran, the southwest of the former Soviet Union and southern Europe. Pistachio is also cultivated in China, pistachio is suitable for normal growth in this area, and has good economic benefits, and can be used as an excellent soil and water conservation tree species.

Growth habit

Happy fruit like light, growing in the sunny slope mountain area of 600m-1200 m above sea level, deep calcareous soil, well-drained pine sand loam grows quite well, plants are not resistant to moisture and afraid of stagnant water.

Orchard site selection

Although pistachio is resistant to barren, drought, cold and strong adaptability, it is best to choose loam and sandy loam with deep soil layer and good ventilation in production. As pistachios are extremely vulnerable to late frost, we should pay attention to choose the middle of the hillside, open flatlands, valleys and south hillsides to avoid the wind, and do not build the garden on the windward side of the main wind.

Seedling planting

The suitable row spacing of pistachio is 3 m × 4 m or 4 m × 5 m, and 33-55 plants are planted per mu. The dense planting garden can plant 83-111 plants per mu, and both finished seedlings and bud seedlings can be used for planting seedlings. Before planting, dig the planting pit with a depth and diameter of 60 cm. When planting, the root is the same as the ground, while planting, step on the soil, and then pour water.

Fertilizer and water management

The main results are as follows: 1. Scientific fertilization young trees apply base fertilizer once a year, about 20 kg per plant. The fruiting tree was applied once every 2 to 3 years. Fertilization is generally divided into three times a year, the first time should be in early spring or autumn and winter, mainly available nitrogen fertilizer. The second time in the fruit expansion period, mainly nitrogen and potassium fertilizer. The third time after fruit harvest, mainly compost, barnyard manure and other organic manure, usually combined with deep ploughing in autumn.

2. Winter irrigation should be carried out before winter irrigation, the effect is better.

Shaping and pruning

Pistachio likes light and has strong dryness. it is mainly free spindle shape in high density cultivation orchard and natural happy shape in low density cultivation orchard.

The main results are as follows: 1. Free spindle: it is characterized by a central trunk, 10-15 main branches in different parts of the central trunk, 80-90 degrees between the main branch and the trunk, and small and medium-sized fruiting branches directly on the main branch.

2. Natural happy shape: the main feature is good ventilation and light transmission, the stem height is about 40cm to 50cm, there are 3 to 4 main branches on the trunk, the base angle is 45 to 75 degrees, and 4 lateral branches are equipped with branch groups on the side branches.

Pistachio has a strong ability to branch, and the principle of pruning is more thinning and less cutting. Pistachios are mainly short fruit branches, young trees and early fruit trees grow vigorously, and there are more medium-long fruit branches. Generally, when the new shoots grow to about 50-60 cm, pick the heart in time, promote the secondary shoots, increase the fruiting branches, retain the upper dorsal branches and erect branches, and twist the shoots in time, which can be formed in the second winter after planting.

Flower and fruit management

1. Strengthen the comprehensive management of orchards (that is, soil, fertilizer and water management) to enhance tree potential, promote flower bud differentiation, and apply more organic fertilizer.

2. Rational allocation of pollination trees. Pistachio self-flowering does not bear fruit, generally every two rows of main varieties, the configuration of one row of pollination varieties, to create conditions for normal pollination of pistachios, which is helpful to improve the fruit setting rate.