Areca nut planting technique

Betel nut has been planted in China for 1500 years, and it has unique cultural value. It is not only the fruit of love, but also the fruit of becoming rich. It has strong resistance, wide adaptability and high economic value. In addition, betel nut has medicinal value, it is one of the four major southern medicines in China. Betel nut, upright tree posture, is an excellent landscape tree species. In some areas, people also like to chew betel nut fresh fruit, and there are many betel nut processed snack foods. Betel nut is grown in Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Fujian, Taiwan and other provinces in China. In this program, we will introduce to the audience the morphological characteristics, growth habits, adaptation to the environment, seedling techniques, young tree management, primary fruit tree management and high-yield tree management. I hope that by watching this program, we can let the majority of farmers understand betel nut, learn real technology, and gain some benefits.

Propagation technique of betel nut

Betel nut is mainly propagated by seed breeding.

1. Seed selection before raising seedlings: according to reports, there are 36 known varieties of betel nut in the world, but the one that can be used as medicine is one that we cultivate. From the perspective of betel nut grown in Hainan, there are many different fruit shapes: round, oval, ovate, Obovate, heart-shaped, oblong. The investigation on the relationship between different fruit shape and yield of betel nut shows that there is a great relationship between fruit shape and yield, so seed selection is very important.

① plant selection: the mother tree should be 20 ~ 30 years old, with normal results, stable yield, disease-free plants, no less than 300fruit per plant, no less than 3 receptacles, more than 8 leaves, dark green drooping, uniform size of stem and lower stem, and dense upper and lower nodes.

② ear selection (fruit receptacle): betel nut can begin to bear fruit 7-8 years after planting, but there are only more than 3 fruit receptacles 10 years later, there are 5 fruit receptacles, and individual fruit receptacles can reach 7. Because the first receptacle fruit ripens early and uneven, most of the fruits are long oval and small, and the kernels are fine and not full, so they can not be planted. Therefore, it is appropriate to choose the second and third receptacle as the seed, which generally matures from May to June.

③ seed selection: according to the experience of drug farmers, it is better to use oval or oval seeds, choose a large, full, disease-free spot, no crack, or crack is not obvious, when fully mature, the pericarp is golden yellow.

2. Seed germination: in order to improve seed germination rate and avoid irregular and inconvenient management due to different germination time. After the fruit is harvested, it should be exposed to the sun for 1 or 2 days, so that the seed evaporates part of the water and the pericarp shrinks. And can absorb a certain amount of heat, which is beneficial to seed ripening and differentiation, and can be treated by accelerating germination. There are two methods as follows:

① accumulation sprouting method: spread betel nut fruit near the water source, and can play a shading role under the tree, the ground covered with a layer of about 2 cm of river sand, heap into seeds less than 20 cm high, unlimited length, but to facilitate water, and covered with straw, should not cover thatch (because thatch is easy to induce termites after damp), the thickness should not be seen fruit, watering once a day. About 7-10 days, the exocarp begins to ferment and rot, then it can be washed with water and re-sunned for 1-2 days. Pay attention to turning when drying, so that the temperature is uniform, and then continue to pile up, re-cover straw, water, about 20 days, it is necessary to peel off the pedicel and check. Fruits with small white bud spots should be sown and raised in time. If the bud point (radicle) is too long, it is easy to break when sowing, which affects the seedling emergence rate. So how much to sprout and how much to sow. This method takes about 25 days from stacking to sowing. Drug farmers in producing areas are used to using this method.

② basket sprouting method: if the seeds are not long, you can put the fruit in the basket, cover the basket of El with straw, keep warm and drenched in the house, wait for the pericarp to ferment and rot, wash the basket together with the fruit in the river ditch, and then put it in the house in accordance with the above method. When the white bud point is exposed, you can sow seeds.

3. Seedling cultivation of betel nut

The nursery land should be close to the water source, shaded by certain trees, sunny and sheltered from the wind, sandy loam or loam with fertile and loose, well-drained soil, after deep turning and fine raking, it will be made into a border with a width of 1 meter and a height of 30 centimeters. Then open a small hole according to the plant row spacing of 30 × 30 cm, apply a certain basic fertilizer, sow a seed for budding and dew in each hole, cover the soil 2cm to 3cm, slightly compact, drench to wet, and cover the grass. In a month or so, the seedlings will pop out of the soil one after another. After 1-2 years of cultivation, the seedlings can be transplanted to the field when the seedlings are 50-60 cm high and have more than 6 leaves. Generally, 3500-4000 seedlings can be raised per mu. At present, nutrition bags are mostly used in production to raise seedlings, and the seeds that are about to be germinated and exposed will be put into plastic bags containing nutritious soil, 1 in each bag. The diameter of the nutrition bag is 25 cm and the height of the bag is 30 cm. The bottom of the bag should be punched with 2 or 3 holes to facilitate ventilation and drainage. Nutrition bag seedling has many benefits: it is easy to transplant, reduce root injury, and improve the survival rate.

The nutrient soil is mixed with 1:1 topsoil fat mud and rotten pig and cattle manure to pile up. When raising seedlings, first load into 3pm nutrient soil, then put the seeds that have been germinated and white flat, one for each bag, and cover the soil for about one centimeter, and then put small grains of pond mud on top to prevent hardening.