Planting technique of Sugar Citrus

Sugar orange, also known as October orange, is an evergreen plant belonging to citrus of Rutaceae. it originated in Yunan County, Huaiji, Guangning, Sihui and Xinyi City. it was originally produced in Shatang Village, Huangtian Town, Sihui City, hence its name. Now Lipu County, Guilin City, Guangxi is now the county with the largest area of growing sugar orange in the country. Let's take a look at the planting technology of sand sugar orange.

Growth habit

The growth and development, flowering and fruiting of citrus trees are closely related to the environmental conditions such as temperature, sunshine, moisture (humidity), soil, wind, altitude, topography and slope direction, which affect the temperature of the most. Even if the air temperature difference of 0.5 ℃ sometimes has different results, high temperature is not conducive to the growth and development of citrus, and the fruit and root system stop growing when the air temperature and soil temperature are higher than 37 ℃. Citrus is a shade-tolerant tree species, but good sunshine is still needed for high quality and high yield. generally, areas with sunshine hours of 1200 to 2200 hours a year can grow normally. Citrus can adapt to a wide range of soil, purple soil, red-yellow soil, beach and coastal land, the pH value of 4.5-8 can grow, and the pH value of 5.5-6.5 is the most suitable.

Dig planting pit

The length × width × depth of sand sugar orange planting pit is 0.5 × 0.5 × 0.5 m respectively. When digging the pit, the topsoil is stacked separately from the heart. When returning to the pit, 10 jin of miscellaneous fertilizer, 5 jin of weeds, 1 jin of phosphate fertilizer and 0.5 jin of lime are placed in each pit. When returning to the pit, the soil fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, lime and topsoil are mixed with weeds in layers to return to the pit, and the returned soil is 30 cm higher than the pit surface and made into a fruit plate. The planting specification is 2.5 × 3 meters, and 80 plants are planted per mu.

Seedling planting

The planting depth of sugar orange should be in the original position of flat seedling wood, the root should be paddled first, and the root system should be naturally expanded and compacted, and after planting, it should be drenched with fixed root water and covered with weeds 10 cm thick or covered with plastic film to keep warm and moisture. it must be drenched every night for the first three days, and then drenched every other day, depending on the weather or 7 days or 10 days and a half months after a week, until the rainy season.

Soil management

The cultivation of sugar tangerine should do a good job in deeply expanding holes and ripening the soil, forbidding the planting of tall plants such as corn and wheat in the garden, and doing a good job in rational intercropping and weeding in orchards. The soil layer is required to be deep (60 cm) and fertile. The ph value of soil is 5.5-7.0. The slope of the orchard is less than 25 degrees. When planning the garden, there shall be necessary roads, drainage and irrigation, water storage and ancillary construction facilities. In specific planning, we should concentrate as much as possible and build gardens in places with good transportation and water sources.

Fertilizer and water management

1. The principle of fertilization: the needs of various nutrient elements of blood orange should be fully met, and the application of more organic fertilizer, rational application of inorganic fertilizer and formula fertilizer should be advocated. Fertilization was guided according to the results of leaf analysis, orchard soil analysis and blood orange phenology.

2. Fertilization methods: soil fertilization is the main method, combined with foliar fertilization. The methods of ring ditch application, furrow application, hole application and soil surface fertilizer application were adopted.

3. Fertilization for young trees: frequent application of thin fertilizer, mainly nitrogen fertilizer, combined application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, fertilization for 5 times in spring, summer and autumn, and 0.4 jin of ammonium bicarbonate or 0.2 jin of urea per plant in March, May, June, July, September and December. For 1 ~ 3 years, the annual application of pure nitrogen per tree is 100g / 400g, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 1.0: (0.4: 0.5): 1.0.

4. Fertilization for adult trees: adult trees apply four times of fertilizer, that is, sprouting fertilizer, fruit protection fertilizer, strong fruit fertilizer and fruit picking fertilizer. The amount of fertilizer generally sprouting fertilizer 2 to 3 jin of chemical fertilizer, a load of dung water. Fruit protection fertilizer 1 jin 2 jin phosphorus and potash fertilizer + 1 jin chemical fertilizer. Strong fruit fertilizer 1 kg 2 jin chemical fertilizer + 1 jin 2 jin phosphorus and potash fertilizer. The fruit-picking fertilizer (base fertilizer) is mainly organic fertilizer, with 50 kg 100 jin organic fertilizer plus 1 kg 2 jin chemical fertilizer.

5. Water management: irrigation when the soil is dry and drainage when stagnant water.

Shaping and pruning

1. The principle of plastic surgery: according to local conditions, tree pruning, proper promotion and suppression, ventilation and light transmission, three-dimensional results. The dry height is 20-40 cm, the main branches (3-4 branches) are scattered on the trunk, the angle of the main branches is 30-50 °, and there are 2-3 secondary branches on each main branch. Generally speaking, after the formation of the third main branch, the central trunk of the class is cut off and twisted to one side as the fruiting branch group.

2. Pruning young trees: light pruning is the main. After the elongated branches in the center of the class and the main branches and secondary branches were selected, the elongated branches were cut moderately or severely, and the growth balance among the main branches was adjusted by the degree of truncation and the direction of cutting buds. Except for the proper thinning and deletion of over-dense branches, the inner bore branches and the weaker branches in the middle and lower part of the crown should generally be retained.