Planting techniques of Peach trees

The fruit of peach is succulent and can be eaten raw or canned. The pulp is white and yellow. Generally, the most popular varieties in Asia are white pulp, juicy and sweet. Peach trees are native to China and are widely cultivated in various provinces and regions. Now they are planted all over the world, while people in Europe, Australia and North America prefer varieties with sour yellow pulp in history.

The planting environment of peach trees

Peach trees can adapt to a wide range of temperature, and can be cultivated at an annual average temperature of 8 to 17 degrees Celsius. The most suitable temperature for growth is 18 to 23 degrees Celsius, and the suitable temperature for maturity is about 25 degrees Celsius. Too low temperature can easily cause frost injury and poor tree growth, while too high temperature can easily lead to branch burns. Peach trees need a period of low temperature in the dormant period to make peach buds develop normally, otherwise it is easy to lead to irregular germination and bud death.

Peach trees are very light-loving fruit trees, so pay attention to the selection of sunny plots when selecting gardens. Peach trees like to be dry, but their waterlogging tolerance is poor. When Rain Water is too much or for a long time, high soil water content can easily cause branches to grow slightly, flower buds not easy to form, fruit yield to decrease, and taste to become worse.

Peach trees have a strong ability to adapt to the soil, and the general soil can be planted, and the neutral and sour soil grows better. When the soil pH is lower than 4 or higher than 8, the growth is seriously affected. In terms of adaptation to soil texture, the cultivation of sandy loam with good drainage, strong permeability and fertile soil is better, showing early fruit and good quality; if the soil is too fertile and the texture is too sticky, it is easy to grow too prosperous, bear late fruit, low early yield, poor quality, light taste and small fruit.

Planting techniques of Peach trees

Peach trees are generally propagated by grafting, peach rootstock, seeds after stratification treatment, sowing in winter, bud grafting in June-August or cutting in early spring of the following year, and the next winter seedlings can come out of the nursery. The row spacing of planted plants is 4m × 5m or 3m × 4m, with 500-840 plants per hectare. The planting period can be from after falling leaves to before sprouting. Peach orchards can not be continuous cropping, otherwise the growth of young trees is obviously weak, the leaves lose green, the new roots turn brown and bifurcate, and the branches flow gum. This taboo continuous cropping phenomenon is serious in sandy soil or upper soil with low fertility. The main reason is that the residual roots of previous cropping decompose in the soil to produce toxic substances such as benzaldehyde and cyanic acid, which inhibit and poison the roots, and are also related to the proliferation and accumulation of nematodes in the soil during continuous cropping.

Fertilization methods of Peach trees

Peach trees have short life span, early fruit and less fertilizer in the young tree stage. after entering the peak fruiting period, sufficient fertilizer must be supplied.

1. Amount of fertilizer applied

The suitable fertilization and the proportion of N, P, K of peach trees should be determined comprehensively according to the factors such as variety, tree age, tree potential, yield, soil fertility, climatic conditions and so on. The young trees should grow vigorously, apply less nitrogen fertilizer and increase P and K fertilizers, mainly diammonium, to enrich branches, promote flower bud formation, early fruit and prevent sprouting. After the results, the amount of fertilizer application should be increased, and attention should be paid to the cooperation of N, P and K in order to maintain the balance of growth and fruit. According to the specific amount of fertilizer, adult trees should apply more fertilizer than young trees. According to the fruit yield, it takes N0.4-0.5 jin, P0.2-0.3 jin and K0.5-0.7 jin per 100 jin of fruit, usually about 20 jin of human urine per plant, plus 0.5 jin of diammonium.

2. Fertilization period

It is better to apply ① base fertilizer in combination with deep ploughing in autumn. Early application of basal fertilizer can quickly heal the injured roots and increase the accumulation of nutrients in the tree before winter. If it must be applied in spring, it should be applied as early as possible, and applied immediately after the soil is thawed, otherwise it will exert its fertilizer effect and cause the new shoots to flourish after June.

② topdressing: general orchard topdressing 2-3 times throughout the year, more in the early stage, less in the later stage, mainly quick-acting fertilizer. Pre-flowering fertilizer, applied after spring thawing, mainly urea; post-anthesis fertilizer, and so on after falling flower, mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizer; fruit fertilizer, to promote fruit hypertrophy and improve fruit quality, mainly diammonium fertilizer; postharvest fertilizer, supplement tree consumption, enrich new shoot tissue and flower buds, increase tree storage nutrition, mainly diammonium fertilizer, apply a small amount of urea.

Pruning techniques of Peach trees

Peach trees are light-loving fruit trees with weak dryness. The growth potential is strong and the life span is short, and the germination and branching ability are very strong, so it is easy to produce secondary or tertiary secondary shoots. If it is not trimmed properly, the result will be poor. Therefore, the happy tree without central stem is often used in shaping or pruning.

1. Shaping and pruning of young peach trees

Young trees should make full use of their exuberant growth, strong sprouting and branching ability, early mature buds can form multiple secondary shoots on strong branches, and flower buds can form early, so as to expand the crown on the one hand and cultivate strong backbone branches on the other.

① fixed dry, the general fixed dry height is 30-50 ".

In the culture of main and lateral branches of ②, when the new shoots grew to 10-20 years old after sprouting in spring, 3-5 new shoots were selected in the plastic band, and the rest were thinned.

For the pruning of the ③ fruiting branch group, the middle and lower parts of the main branch, the lower part of the lateral branch and the inner chamber of the crown should be larger, while the medium branch group, the upper part of the crown and the periphery should leave more small branches, resulting in the layout of "big inside and small outside, more lower and less upper". The distance between branch groups is about 1m for large branch group, about 60cm for medium branch group and about 30m for small branch group.