Planting technology of ginseng fruit

Ginseng fruit is native to New Zealand and can be planted in greenhouse for four seasons, while large area planting in the field is from March to August. The fruit begins to be harvested 3 months after planting. The single fruit weighs about 250 grams, the largest fruit is about 500 grams, the tender fruit is green, golden yellow and has purple patterns after maturity, fresh food is sweet and delicious, cooking is crisp. Ginseng fruit is high in calcium and vitamin C, molybdenum, cobalt, selenium and other trace elements needed by the human body, and can prevent and cure hypertension, obesity, coronary heart disease and cancer. "Ginseng fruit" was once called "fire of life" and "king of anti-cancer" in medical circles.

Construction of planting garden

Generally speaking, we should choose plots with abundant sunshine and rich sand, convenient drainage and irrigation with water, and it is also very good to plant fewer germs in mountain areas. The width of the single row is 60cm, the double row is 100cm, the plant spacing is 40cm, the hole is dug fine, about 1500 plants per mu are planted, and it is best to sprinkle some pest control drugs in the hole before applying basic fertilizer.

Seedling raising technique of ginseng fruit

There are two ways to propagate and raise seedlings of ginseng fruit: one is seed reproduction, that is, sexual reproduction; the other is cutting propagation, that is, asexual reproduction.

1. Seed propagation and seedling raising

① soil preparation and fertilization: before sowing, land consolidation, border preparation, application of sufficient base fertilizer, and disinfection, keep the soil moist, and sprinkle a layer of fine sand on the border surface.

② seed selection: good color, symmetrical size, full grain, dry and no mildew.

③ seed treatment: seed soaking in warm water, seed dressing with medicine, etc., in order to achieve the purpose of early seedling emergence, seedling emergence and seedling strength. The soaked seeds are wrapped in a gauze bag to provide suitable temperature, moisture and air for germination.

④ sowing methods: there are sowing, strip sowing and on demand. Because the seeds of ginseng fruit are small, the method of sowing is often used. Sowing should be uniform, with a general seed spacing of 5 × 7 or 7 × 7 (cm).

Management after ⑤ sowing: sprinkle a layer of fine sand on the border to cover the seeds. If the temperature is below 12 ℃, cover with plastic film to maintain soil temperature and soil moisture. If the seedling bed is dry, it should be sprayed with fine water to facilitate germination, and do not use large water sprinkler irrigation. After the seedlings are unearthed, the plastic film needs to be removed. In order to avoid hot sun exposure, you can build a sunshade net. During the seedling-rearing period, the seedlings are generally sprayed with low concentration nitrogen fertilizer every 10 days or so, and at the same time, field management is strengthened to control diseases and insect pests and ensure the healthy growth of seedlings.

2. Cuttage propagation

Cutting propagation is a simple method widely used in ginseng fruit. That is, take the stem branch of ginseng, cut it into cuttings (cuttings), insert it in the soil, let it take root and sprout under suitable environmental conditions, and grow into a robust plant independently.

Selection of stems and branches of ① cuttings: fresh and tender stems and branches with good genetic characters and high yield plants should be selected without disease and defect in order to produce new roots and new buds. The length of the cuttings should be 10ml / 14cm. The cut cuttings should be inserted into the soil in time, otherwise they should be placed in a dark place or covered with a wet cloth to prevent dehydration.

The choice of ② cutting time: although ginseng fruit can be cut all the year round, the survival rate of spring sowing and autumn cutting is high. Cuttings in the middle of the day should be carried out after 4 p.m., in order to improve the survival rate. The suitable temperature for cutting can be carried out in the range of 15 ℃ and 30 min.

③ cutting method: before cutting, in order to improve the survival rate, the cuttings can be soaked with growth hormone. When cutting, the cuttings are cut directly into the soil, and then pressed by covering the soil, so that the cuttings are exposed to the ground about 4mi 6cm, the row spacing is about 10mi 15cm, and the plant spacing is about 6cm. After cutting, timely watering, the amount of water can be determined according to the specific situation.

Management after ④ cutting: in late spring to summer and autumn, shading should be done and small water should be sprayed to prevent hot sun exposure. Shading tools can be removed after the seedlings grow new roots. If cutting in winter or when the temperature is low, in order to prevent frost injury, it should be carried out in a solar greenhouse or plastic greenhouse, and a small arch shed should be used to cover plastic film and grass curtains. After the seedlings take root, the rotten human feces and urine can be applied to promote the growth of new roots and new buds. In the case of suitable external environmental conditions, planting or seedling transplanting can be carried out about 30 days after cutting.

Planting techniques of ginseng fruit

Ginseng fruit is suitable for field cultivation in the south subtropics or protected cultivation in the middle subtropics. The suitable temperature for the growth of ginseng fruit is 25 ℃. It can endure the low temperature of 5 ℃, and it will freeze to death if it is lower than 0 ℃. It can blossom and bear fruit continuously within 15 ℃. The continuous fruiting time is long, the fruit setting rate is high, and the yield per mu can reach 2000-3000 kg. The main points of cultivation are as follows:

1. Land preparation and planting. Choose neutral soil with convenient irrigation, ventilation and light, loose and fertile soil. Ginseng fruit is a perennial herb, should apply sufficient base fertilizer, farm manure 4000m / mu, N, P, K ternary compound fertilizer 50m / m 70kg, plant spacing 40m / m, deep ploughing 20m / 30cm, then level the land into strips 70 cm wide and the border surface is 10 cm higher than the ground. Strong seedlings with a height of about 15 cm, many branches, stout branches, luxuriant leaves and no diseases and insect pests are selected and planted in the shape of 50 cm × 50 cm. It is generally appropriate to plant tonight, planting 20003000 plants per mu. Pour enough water to fix the root after planting.

2. Fertilizer and water management. In addition to applying sufficient base fertilizer, topdressing should be applied twice: once when the seedling grows to about 30 cm, and once when the seedling is close to flowering, 3 kg N, P and K fertilizer per mu are applied and irrigated 10 cm away from the main root of the seedling. Trace elements such as boron fertilizer or Baofengsu No. 2 should be properly applied during flowering and fruiting period. Apply a small amount of N, P, K compound fertilizer frequently, and pay attention to ploughing and weeding, usually apply fertilizer once every 10 days, and apply more potash fertilizer after flowering. From March to June and from September to November, ginseng fruit needs the most water for its growth, development, flowering and fruiting, so it should be watered in time.