Planting techniques of cantaloupe

Melons are fleshy fruits of cucurbitaceae plants, with many cells and a variety of seeds and berries, but the receptacle and exocarp of these fruits are fused, often forming a thick skin, which is especially called "melon" in classification. Melons are a typical example. Cantaloupe originated in tropical desert areas of Africa. It was introduced to China along with watermelon in the Northern Wei Dynasty. It was widely cultivated in Ming Dynasty and widely cultivated in all parts of China.

seed selection method

There are many varieties of muskmelon, but the main varieties suitable for popularization and use in Yunnan are: American zucchini, Zaoqing zucchini, Cuiyu No.1, Jingdian Jasper, Heixiuli and other high-yield disease-resistant varieties, farmers can choose according to actual needs.

Sowing date selection

Cantaloupe thermophilic, heat-resistant, afraid of cold, when the temperature is lower than 15℃ growth stagnation, but strong adaptability to high temperature, at 40℃ high temperature can still have considerable photosynthesis, so cantaloupe sowing period as long as the temperature is higher than 15℃ can be sown.

Cultivate healthy seedlings

1. Seed disinfection and germination

Generally, 1% copper sulfate or carbendazim can be used for soaking disinfection. In direct seeding can be used iron Mieke or 3% Bataan powder dressing seeds, to avoid underground pests harm.

2. Seedling and seeding

If fine cultivation, can choose nutrition bowl or nutrition bag seedling, nutrient soil preparation to 1000 kg as the standard, mixed with fine manure 300-400 kg, carbendazim 2. 5 kg (200-500 g of metalaxyl or 100-200 g of batan powder or 100 -200 g of iron); 30-50 kg of calcium phosphate, 20-30 kg of compound fertilizer, add appropriate amount of water (40-50% of soil moisture is appropriate), mix well, and stack for 5-7 days. Then bag (bowl) sowing, each bag (bowl) sowing a seed is appropriate.

For direct seeding, sufficient base fertilizer should be applied, 3000-5000 kg of decomposed farm manure, 40-50 kg of calcium phosphate and 30-50 kg of compound fertilizer should be applied per mu. Deep application in ditch or deep application in pond. Then cover the soil and sow, and sow 2-3 seeds after disinfection and germination in each pond.

rational close planting

Cantaloupe planting density depends on the variety. The plant spacing of general dwarf type is: spacing 0. 60-0. 80 meters, plant spacing 0. 50 meters, planting 1600-2200 ponds per mu, 4000-4500 plants are suitable; the row spacing of vine type is 1. 50-2. 00 meters, plant spacing 0. 50 meters, planting 700-800 ponds and 1400-1600 plants per mu is appropriate. Therefore, the majority of farmers in the purchase of varieties, we must understand whether the variety is short or long vine type. The cantaloupes of nest type (short vine) are planted sparsely and cannot obtain high yield, while the cantaloupes of long vine type (string everywhere) are planted densely, with large population, poor ventilation and light transmission, no disease resistance, no fruit, and low yield. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the variety and determine its planting density according to the variety.

planting management

1. Seedling management

Melon seedlings grow rapidly, especially seedlings raised in nutrient bags or nutrient bowls. In order to prevent excessive growth, water and temperature should be strictly controlled. After emergence, seedlings should be gradually trained in air. The temperature should be controlled at 20-25℃ during the day and at 10℃ at night. At the same time, fertilizer and water management should be strengthened. Every 5-7 days, the seedlings should be watered with compound fertilizer water once, and with metalaxyl or metalaxyl aluminum copper to prevent root rot damage. When 4-5 true leaves are obtained, Bordeaux solution should be sprayed once to prevent powdery mildew and white rust.

2. Field management

Seedling transplanting or direct seeding seedlings, early stage should be tilled diligently to promote root development, all diseases come from root system, root system is not developed, growth thin, disease is relatively serious. In the future, we should combine irrigation, cultivation, soil cultivation and fertilization to strengthen management as the theme. At the same time, timely pest control is needed, focusing on downy mildew, powdery mildew, white rust and root rot. It is advocated to use ecological pesticides such as Bordeaux mixture, and attention should also be paid to using biological pesticides such as BT emulsion to control leaf miner.

When the melon grows to 3-5 leaves, it should be picked and pruned. General use of "vine" and "vine" knot melon way, so that melon can continue to supply the market.

When the melon grows to 5-6 leaves, it is necessary to apply fertilizer in time, 20-30 kg compound fertilizer can be applied per mu to promote the growth of roots, vines and young melons, and irrigate once every 3-5 days to keep the soil moist.

3. Top picking

The main vine of muskmelon rarely has female flowers, and the vine and grandson vine bear melons. The vine has female flowers at 1-2 nodes. Therefore, timely topping and topping is the key technology of melon cultivation. After cantaloupe planting, when the main vine has 4-5 leaves, it shall be top-picked in time. After the seed vine occurs, 2-3 strong seed vines shall be selected and other weak seed vines shall be cut off; when the selected seed vines have 5-6 leaves, it shall be top-picked again, 3 grandson vines shall be selected and left on the seed vines, and other weak grandson vines shall be cut off; after the grandson vines sit on the melon, 2 leaves shall be reserved and top-picked away from the melon, and attention shall be paid to removing abnormal melon. Distribute the seed vine and grandson vine evenly, and press soil on the seed vine. Old leaves and diseased leaves were cut off and taken out of the field.