Planting technology of coconut tree

Coconut palm family coconut plant, native to southeast Asia, Indonesia to the Pacific Islands, southern China's Guangdong islands and Leizhou Peninsula, Hainan, Taiwan and southern Yunnan tropical areas are cultivated, is an important tropical woody oil crop, has a very high economic value, all parts of the plant are useful, let's take a look at coconut planting technology!

Growth habits of coconut trees

Coconut trees are uniformly distributed in the coastal areas where the average annual temperature is 2627 ℃, the annual temperature difference is small, and the annual rainfall is 1300-2300mm. The annual light is more than 2000 hours and the elevation is less than 50 meters. It is a tropical light-loving crop, which grows well under the conditions of high temperature, rainy, sufficient sunshine and sea breeze. It is suitable to grow at low altitude, and the suitable soil for growth is marine alluvial soil and riparian alluvial soil, followed by sandy loam, gravel and clay.

Coconut tree cultivars

Coconut trees are divided into high-species coconuts and dwarf coconuts, of which high-species coconuts are the largest commercial coconuts planted in the world. The high-species coconut plant is 1530 meters high, the base is enlarged, cross-pollination begins to bear fruit in 7 ~ 8 years, the oil content is high, and the economic life is as long as 70 ~ 80 years. The dwarf coconut can be divided into red dwarf, yellow dwarf and green dwarf according to the color of fruit and leaves. The plant is only 5 to 15 meters high. Self-pollination begins to bear fruit for 3 ~ 4 years. The fruit is small and many, the coconut meat is thin and soft, the oil content is low, and the economic life is 30 to 40 years. It is mainly used for fruit, hybrid parents and ornamental.

Propagation technology of coconut tree

Coconut trees usually use seeds to propagate, and fully mature coconuts begin to sprout as long as they have appropriate warm and wet conditions for more than two months. At present, the method of pre-nursery germination is widely used. Select a semi-shaded, well-ventilated and well-drained environment to remove weed roots, ploughing 15cm to 20cm, trenching, slightly wider than the fruit, planting fruit one by one leaning against the bottom of the ditch at an angle of 45 °, burying soil to 1/2 to 2/3 of the fruit. When the buds are 10-15 cm long, plant coconuts in a moderately shaded nursery, paying attention to watering, drainage, weeding and fertilization. In general, about a year, the seedling height of about 1 meter can be planted out of the nursery.

Planting technology of coconut tree

1, timely planting: coconut trees are generally planted in the rainy season, with a row spacing of 6 meters × 9 meters or 7 meters × 8 meters, planting 180 plants per hectare, planting holes of 60 cm × 70 cm × 80 cm, and applying organic fertilizer 20 to 40 kg in the hole. it can also burn leaves in the hole, scorch the edge of the hole, and fill in sand to prevent ants, so as to bring fruit seeds, bring more soil and less hurt roots, and do as you dig. The planting depth of coconut seedlings is that the rooting part of the base of the coconut seedlings can all be buried in the soil, so that the "deep planting and shallow cultivation of soil" should be achieved, and the soil should not be scattered into the leaf viscera. The growth of coconut trees planted properly is better than that of shallow planting, and the yield is higher than that of shallow planting. Wind resistance is also stronger than shallow planting.

2. Protect seedlings and cultivate soil: the management of coconut trees should be strengthened after planting, the initial stage after planting should be properly shaded, irrigated and moisturized, and the missing plants should be replanted in time. The coconut tree is cultivated twice a year, that is, the coconut tree is cultivated twice a year, that is, the coconut tree is cultivated twice a year, that is, the coconut tree is cultivated twice a year, that is, the coconut tree is cultivated twice a year, that is, the coconut tree is cultivated twice a year, that is, the coconut tree is cultivated twice a year, that is, the coconut tree is cultivated twice a year, that is, the coconut tree is tilled twice a year, that is, once combined with fertilization from November to December, and once again from August to September. The coconut garden can be intercropped with short-term crops, such as peanuts and beans, which can cover the garden and improve the humidity in the garden, which is beneficial to the growth of young trees.

3. Rational fertilization: coconut trees need to apply total fertilizer, potassium fertilizer is the most, followed by nitrogen, phosphorus and chlorine fertilizer, but attention must be paid to balanced fertilization. When the coconut is deficient in potassium, the stem is thin, the leaves are short and small, the leaves in the middle of the crown wilt first, the upper leaves extend downward, and the lower leaves are dry and drooping in the trunk. Under nitrogen deficiency, the young leaves lost green and luster, and the old leaves yellowed to varying degrees, resulting in a decrease in the amount of dried coconut meat and the yield of dried coconut meat. Phosphorus deficiency can cause poor root development and fruit rot. Chlorine deficiency will affect the size of coconut, the yield of dried coconut, nitrogen uptake and water use of plants. Therefore, fertilization should be based on organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizer, and some salt should be applied. Fertilizer can be applied from April to May and from November to December every year, and a fertilization ditch can be opened at a distance of 5m from the base of the tree, and the effect is better. If the sprinkling method is used, the weeds should be removed completely and the soil should be loosened before fertilization.

4. Disease and pest control

① diarrhea disease: coconut diarrhea disease is a common disease in coconut producing areas. When it occurs, the stem cracks, exudates dark brown mucus, is black after drying, and the crack tissue is rotten. Prevention and treatment methods include chiseling off the diseased tissue and applying 10% Bordeaux solution or coal tar.

② red brown elephant: red brown elephant larvae drill stem trunk, can make coconut trees die, control in the wound with tar or mud coating, serious felling and burning, so as not to spread.

③ coconut garden scale: adults and nymphs of coconut garden scale absorb sweat on the back of leaves and fruit, spray pesticides such as ammonium parathion, marathon and dibromophos during control, and protect natural enemies for control.

④ coconut rhinoceros: the harm of coconut rhinoceros is the most serious with two verrucous rhinoceros, the leaves are fan-shaped, or wavy engraved, bite the growth point, make the plant die, control for the removal of organic matter inside and outside the coconut garden before March every year, compost, dung piles and other breeding places, with cow dung or rotten coconut stem to attract adults to lay eggs and concentrate on killing, but also the use of natural enemies such as soil bees, Metarhizium anisopliae and other control rhinoceros larvae.