Planting conditions of cherry

Cherry is the transliteration of the English word cherry, which is literally translated as "cherry" in Taiwan, Guangdong and Hong Kong. But it does not refer to a small red-skinned Chinese cherry, but a large, thick imported cherry from the United States, Canada, Chile and other American countries. At present, there are also cherry fruit trees introduced in China, but they have not yet formed a scale. The environmental conditions needed for cherry planting are as follows:

Temperature

Cherry is a deciduous fruit tree that likes temperature but is not cold-tolerant. Chinese cherry is native to the Yangtze River Basin in China, which adapts to the warm and humid climate and has weak cold tolerance, so it is cultivated more in the Yangtze River Basin and the northern microclimate. Sweet cherry and sour cherry are native to West Asia and Europe, adapt to the cool and dry climate, and are suitable for cultivation in North, Northwest and Southern Northeast of China. However, high temperature drying in summer is disadvantageous to the growth of sweet cherry. The lowest temperature in winter should not be lower than-20. Too low temperature will cause longitudinal cracking of twigs and glue flow. In addition, flower buds are vulnerable to freezing. The flowers will suffer frost damage when the temperature drops below-3 ℃ during flowering, so when developing cherries, it is not suitable to be in areas where it is too cold.

Moisture content

Cherries are sensitive to water conditions and are neither drought-resistant nor waterlogging-resistant. In the cultivation area of Chinese cherry, except for the abundant Rain Water in the southern province, the north mainly chooses the areas with humid microclimate in hillsides and valleys. From the point of view of the cultivation distribution areas of sweet cherry all over the world, most of them are located near the river basin or near the coastal zone. At present, the main cultivation areas of sweet cherry in China are mainly distributed in Yantai, Shandong Province and Dalian, Liaoning Province, in the Bohai Bay. These two places are close to the sea, with an annual rainfall of 600mm to 900mm, and the air is relatively humid. But this does not limit the cultivation of sweet cherries in areas with low rainfall, such as Yakima and Venacci in Washington State, where the annual rainfall does not exceed 250 mm and the growing season does not exceed 150 mm. The sweet cherry producing areas in Ukraine are mainly distributed in the dry summer areas along the coast of the Black Sea, with an annual rainfall of less than 300 mm and little rainfall from July to September, but these areas have suitable temperature, sufficient light, good irrigation conditions and good growth of sweet cherries. and high quality and high yield. Cherry and other drupes, the root system requires higher oxygen, if the soil moisture is too much and oxygen is insufficient, it will affect the normal respiration of the root, the tree can not grow and develop normally, cause rotten root, gum flow, and seriously lead to the death of the tree. If Rain Water is too big to drain the water in time, if the cherry tree is immersed in water for 2 days, the leaves wilt, but do not fall off, and the leaf wilting can not recover or even cause the death of the whole tree.

Light

Cherry is a light-loving tree species, especially sweet cherry, followed by sour cherry and hairy cherry. Chinese cherry is more shade-tolerant. When the light condition is good, the tree is strong, the life of fruit branch is long, the flower bud is full, the fruit setting rate is high, the fruit ripens early, the color is good, the sugar content is high, and the sour taste is less. When the light condition is poor, the tree is easy to grow, the branches in the crown are weak, the life of the fruiting branch is short, the fruiting part moves outward, the flower bud develops poorly, the fruit setting rate is low, the fruit coloring is poor, the ripening is late, and the quality is poor. Therefore, the sunny slope and semi-sunny slope should be selected when the garden is built, the planting density should not be too large, and the branches should be opened at an angle to ensure the light conditions inside the crown to achieve ventilation and transparency.

Soil

Sweet cherry is suitable to be cultivated on sandy loam or gravelly loam with deep soil layer, loose soil, good air permeability and strong water retention. When cultivated in clayey soil, the root system is shallow, and it is not resistant to drought, flood or wind. Cherry trees are very sensitive to the degree of salinization, and the suitable soil pH value is 5.6-7, so it is not suitable to plant cherries in saline-alkali areas.

Cherry is prone to root cancer, while root cancer bacteria and nematodes in the soil can easily spread root cancer. In the old orchards of cherry, peach, plum and apricot, there are many root cancer bacteria in the soil, so it is not suitable to plant cherry trees, let alone as a nursery for the development of cherries. If the saplings have root cancer, it will cause more serious consequences.

Wind

The root system of cherry is generally shallow and the wind resistance is poor. Severe winter and early spring gale is easy to cause branches to dry, flower buds frozen; florescence gale easy to dry stigma mucus, affecting insect pollination; summer and autumn typhoon, will cause branches and trees fall, resulting in greater losses. Therefore, in areas with strong winds, we must build windbreaks, or choose areas with good small environment to build gardens.