Passion fruit planting technology

Passion fruit, also known as egg fruit, passion fruit family tropical, subtropical perennial evergreen vines, native to southern Brazil, it has strange leaves, bright colors, evergreen four seasons, its fruit is an oval berry, a single fruit weighs 60 to 120 grams, fruit juice is yellow, sweet and beautiful, with pomegranate, pineapple, strawberry, lemon, mango, sour plum and other fruits, so the name passion fruit. Passion fruit is rich in protein, fat, alkali acid, sugar, vitamins, phosphorus, calcium, iron, potassium and other compounds and 17 kinds of amino acids. Passion fruit is known as "king of beverage". Its fruit juice can be processed into pure natural high-quality beverage, which not only has unique flavor and rich nutrition, but also nourishes fitness and helps digestion. Market supply exceeds demand. Can also be processed into sherbet, jam, jelly, preserves. Passion fruit is a treasure all over the body, the oil content of passion fruit seed is up to 25%, and the oil quality is comparable to sunflower oil, which is suitable for edible oil; pectin extracted from pericarp is a good stabilizer and thickener for food processing; roots, stems and leaves can be used as medicine, it has the effects of anti-inflammation and pain, promoting blood circulation and strengthening body, reducing fat and blood pressure, etc.; the essence extracted from passion fruit is a good additive for dim sum and wine.

The planting and processing industry of passion fruit is in the ascendant and has great potential for development. Passion fruit was planted in the same year, the fruit yield is about 110 jin, and the income per mu is about 10,000 yuan, which can be used for ten consecutive years. Therefore, planting passion fruit is a way to get rich with less investment and quick results.

Environmental requirements

1. Temperature. The most suitable growth temperature of passion fruit is 20 ℃ ~ 30 ℃. Generally, it grows well at the temperature of no less than 0 ℃, and the plant will be seriously damaged or even die when it reaches-2 ℃. The area with annual average temperature above 18 ℃ is the most suitable for planting.

2. Moisture. The passion fruit grows best when the annual rainfall is between 1500 and 2000mm and is evenly distributed, and the annual rainfall in the commercial development planting area should not be less than 1000 mm.

3. Light. As a tropical fruit, passion fruit likes plenty of sunlight to promote vine growth and nutrient accumulation. The condition of long-day sunshine is beneficial to the flowering of passion fruit. In the area with annual sunshine hours of 2300-2800 hours, passion fruit has good vegetative growth, more nutrient accumulation, fast branch growth, early fruiting and high yield.

4. Soil. Passion fruit has strong adaptability and low requirement for soil. However, the soil layer produced in a large area is at least 0.5 meters, and the soil is fertile, loose and well drained, and the soil ph value is 5.5 to 6.5.

Variety selection

Passion fruits are widely planted, such as purple passion fruit, yellow passion fruit and hybrids, but the natural pollination fruit setting rate is about 10% to 29.6%, which requires artificial pollination. The fuchsia passion fruit introduced from Hawaii, USA, has a natural pollination setting rate of 60%, high sugar content (14.4%-21.9%) and vitamin c (49 mg / 100 g pulp), strong aroma and high yield. It was planted and harvested that year, and the yield per mu was more than 2000 kilograms.

Establishment of orchard

1. Land selection and reclamation. Passion fruit planting and development garden should be planted in the area with convenient transportation, sunny leeward and thick soil layer. Can be gentle slope land, platform or flat land, require deep soil layer, more fertile, good drainage, preferably irrigation conditions. The deep, fertile and loose sandy loam is more suitable. Clayey soil, tight sandy soil, cold sandy soil and places that are easy to scour should not be planted or improved. Can be completely reclaimed or hole reclaimed. Concentrated into a piece of orchard, the sloping land will be changed into a terraced land with a width of more than 1.1 meters, introverted, and a small ridge with a height of 20 cm and a width of 30% on the outer edge of the planting belt. And orchard irrigation and drainage, road system at the same time set up planning.

2. Set up a fight. Passion fruit is a trailing plant, which depends on the support of scaffolding to grow normally. There are flat roof type, upright fence type, "human" shape and "door" shape fence type and so on. The general height of the shed is 1.8 to 2 meters, and the scaffolding materials can be made of cement columns, stone columns, wooden columns and bamboo poles, wooden poles, iron wires and so on.

3. Digging holes. The row spacing of planting holes is 4 × 5 meters, and 25 plants are planted per mu. The depth of the hole is 60 × 60 × 60 (cm). 25 kg of farm manure and 0.5 kg of phosphate fertilizer were applied to each hole.

4. Planting. Passion fruit can be planted all year round, but spring and autumn are the most suitable. Cloudy days or sunny days after rain should be chosen for planting. When planting seedlings, the old leaves should be cut off properly, and the nutrition bag should be broken and taken out and should not be buried in the soil. When fixing the seedlings, mix the appropriate amount of mature organic fertilizer with sandy loam soil to make planting soil or cover soil. When planting, we should straighten out the root system, fill the soil layer by layer, and tighten the compaction. Water the roots in time after planting. When planting the newly dug planting hole, the root neck of the seedling is slightly higher than the ground plane by 8cm to 10cm. After planting, the tree plate is cut out and covered with grass or film to keep warm and moist.

Orchard management

1. Fertilization. The newly planted passion fruit was dominated by nitrogen fertilizer in the early stage to promote plant growth. The root system began to grow 10-15 days after planting, 0.5% dilute urea or rare human feces and urine could be applied, and then every 20 days, 5 kg of mature human feces and urine or 0.1 kg of compound fertilizer should be applied to each plant. Every year, each plant applies 2030 kg of farm manure, 0.6-0.7 kg of urea, 0.6-0.9 kg of phosphate fertilizer and 1.2-1.3 kg of potash fertilizer. After retting and ripening, farm manure and phosphate fertilizer were applied in the ditch before and after the Beginning of Spring, urea and potash fertilizer were applied once a month during flowering and fruiting, and 0.3 kg of mixed fertilizer was applied to the plant.