Fig planting technique

Fig, which originated in the Mediterranean countries, is one of the oldest cultivated fruit trees in the world. It was introduced into China as early as the Han Dynasty. Fig is a hidden inflorescence formed by the expansion of the receptacle, the floret is hidden in the receptacle, people can only see the false fruit formed by the receptacle, but can not see the flowers, so it is called "fig", which is a perennial deciduous fruit tree. Figs have a long fruiting period, including summer fruit and autumn fruit. Figs have strong adaptability, lax soil requirements, and can grow normally in an environment where the temperature is not lower than-12 ℃. In the cold season in the north of China, measures to prevent cold and keep warm can also be planted. Tolerant to drought, shade and salt, it has the advantages of fast growth, early fruit and high yield.

Cutting seedling raising technique

There are many ways of fig reproduction, generally using cutting propagation, a year and many months can be cut, the survival rate is high.

1. Site selection: non-saline-alkali soil should be selected. Although it is resistant to salt and alkali, it contains slightly higher salt and alkali, and it is easy to die during the cutting period, so it is better to use fertile sandy loam and soil with high content of organic matter.

2. Cuttings: cuttings should be collected when the sap stops flowing after defoliation in autumn, and before germination in spring. The sprouting branches from the ground or the lower trunk of the mother tree are used as cuttings. in order to ensure the storage quality, the cuttings should be soaked in clean water for about 3 days before storage. After fishing, they should be covered with fine sand and irrigated with proper amount of water to keep the soil moist.

3. Cutting method: cuttings with suitable thickness, smooth cutting without stubble, no splitting and about 20 cm in length are used for cutting. According to the land, it is appropriate to fine the ground and fertilize the bed first. Generally, the bed is 50 cm wide and 33 cm high, or a small ridge of 35 cm, with a monopoly distance of about 35 cm, followed by cutting, along with watering, with a cutting depth of 17418 cm. The cutting time should be controlled about 3 days before the local healing and rooting period, at this time cutting can reduce the influence of external adverse climate, and its healing growth rate is fast.

Management after cuttage

Although fig cuttings are easy to heal and take root, we should also pay attention to the management after cutting. the main points of management are as follows:

The main results are as follows: 1. During the period of healing tissue formation, the high temperature should be raised in time, and at the same time, the water supply should be strengthened. In the late stage of healing and rooting, the cuttings grew a large number of hairy roots, and the temperature gradually increased, so attention should be paid to increasing soil moisture.

2. After healing and rooting and leaf-growing period, we should avoid pouring mud water, cut and prevent the phenomenon of sticking leaves, and pay more attention to low-bed cutting.

3. Adhere to the soil moisture watering, the soil moisture should be watered less or not, and if the soil is dry, it is appropriate to keep the soil moist.

4. Fig seedlings are not resistant to cold, so the simple way is to bury the soil or cover the mulch such as grass curtain, leaves and straw before the first freezing or falling spring cold.

5. before and after the seedlings enter the vegetative growth period, adhere to the light application of compound fertilizer based on nitrogen fertilizer once a month. The amount of fertilizer application increased gradually with the increase of seedling age. With the deepening of seedling roots, the effect of deep furrow application is better, but attention should be paid to avoid root damage during fertilization.

Planting techniques of figs

1. Planting: it can be cultivated in pots or in barren slopes, pastorals and courtyards. When cultivated on barren slopes, pastorals and courtyards, the planting density can be increased by 1 × 2 meters, and the depth of single pit is 50ml / 70cm. With a diameter of 40m and 60cm, mixed fertilizers containing phosphorus and potassium (such as human and animal manure, poultry manure, green manure, cake fertilizer, chemical compound fertilizer) are used as base fertilizers. The suitable time for planting should be around Qingming in North China, around Grain Rain in the Northeast, and transplanting in the south after defoliation in autumn, but the flowering and fruiting period should be avoided.

2. Shaping and pruning: the shaping and pruning of figs is relatively simple, and the technical requirements of pruning and pruning are not high. Generally, the natural happy pruning of multiple main branches is adopted, but the whole plant should retain 5 main branches and no lateral branches, and the main branch group is directly planted on the main branch. During the period of young trees, we should focus on cultivating the main branches, and pay attention to raising the angle of the main branches to promote multiple branches so as to achieve the purpose of rapidly expanding the crown. After entering the initial fruit stage, grasp the multi-culture branch group, in order to promote the formation of a certain yield. In the full fruit period, we should pay attention to cultivate the backbone branches and renew the large and medium-sized branch groups to cut the weak branches. If the tree is old or the diseases and insect pests are serious, the main branches and branch groups can be re-cultured by using the sprouting tillering branches or hidden buds on the base or branches. Figs begin in mid-July and mature one after another in November. The picking of figs should generally be carried out in the morning or evening on a sunny day. There is a small hole at the top of the ripe fruit, and the pericarp is picked when the color of the inherent varieties (multi-red and yellow varieties) appears.

3. Fertilizer and water management: during the growing period of young fig trees, fertilizers should be applied if the base fertilizer is insufficient. The method is that about 40 cm away from the main root, about 5 kg of rotten miscellaneous fertilizer is applied to the plant, and at least 1 kg is applied to the pot. About 15 kg of mature farm manure was applied to adult trees, and basal fertilizer was applied before and after defoliation. Topdressing should be in the period of vigorous shoot growth and rapid fruit expansion. Fig is a more fertilizer-tolerant fruit tree, but more emphasis should be placed on the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. in general, the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 0.5 to 1. Because it is more resistant to drought and waterlogging, it requires more water during the period of shoot growth and fruit expansion, but the environment with long-term soiling or heavy water accumulation is easy to cause flower drop, fruit drop, leaf drop, and even death, so we should also pay attention to waterlogging drainage. Potted plants should also pay attention to drainage, especially in the rainy season after heavy rain or heavy rain, pay attention to cover the rain or pour the basin to control water.