Planting techniques of litchi

Litchi is produced in southwestern, southern and southeastern China, especially in Guangdong, Guangxi and southern Fujian. Litchi is also cultivated in southeastern Asia, and introduced in Africa, America and Oceania.

Construction of litchi plantation

1. Choose the garden. For high-yield cultivation of litchi, hills or slopes with open terrain, slope below 30 degrees, loose and fertile soil and water source should be selected as ideal for the development of plantations.

2. do a good job in planning. For the selected garden, it is necessary to conscientiously do a good job in the planning of variety selection, zoning, roads, drainage and irrigation systems, fertilizer bases, shelterbelts and auxiliary buildings, so as to facilitate the standardized management of orchards.

3. Determine the planting density reasonably. In general, the reasonable density is that the row spacing is 3.5 × 3.5 meters or 3.5 × 4 meters and planting 50-60 plants per mu.

4. Dig a big hole and put down enough base fertilizer. For those who reclaim and build orchards on hilly land, they shall be opened into equal height terrace belts or equal height trenches according to the row spacing specifications of planting. However, the planting hole is dug according to the selected plant distance, and the specification of the hole is 1 meter long, wide and deep, and 40 kilograms of garbage manure, green manure, barnyard manure and pig and cow manure under each hole are used as base manure.

5. Careful planting. When planting, take the seedling in one hand, gently return to the fine soil in the other hand, return to the soil to cover it to about 2 cm above the root, drench the root water, then continue to return to the mud, and when the return soil is about 10 cm above the ground, form a tree plate, then cover with thatch or stem Osmunda grass to moisturize, stand up next to the seedling, prevent wind and shake pine seedlings to cause dead seedlings, drench water every 3 days after setting, and pay attention to drainage and waterproofing on rainy days. The survival rate was checked and replanted in time after 30 days.

Management of Young Litchi Fruit trees

On the basis of improving survival, we should increase the amount of roots, expand the growth range of roots and increase the green leaf layer, cultivate strong and evenly distributed backbone branches and expand the crown, so as to lay a good foundation for early fruiting and high yield.

The main results are as follows: 1. The principle of fertilization is diligent and light fertilization. Soil fertilization began one month after planting, and within two or three years, it mainly increased root quantity, promoted shoots and strong shoots. It is appropriate to master "one shoot two fertilizers" or "one shoot three fertilizers", that is, nitrogen-based quick-acting fertilizer is applied when the shoot top buds sprout to promote the normal growth of new shoots. When the elongation of the new shoot basically stopped and the leaf color changed from red to light green, the second fertilizer was applied to promote the shoot to turn green rapidly, improve the photosynthetic efficiency, thicken the branches and thicken the leaves. When the new shoots turn green, the third fertilizer is applied to accelerate the ripening of new shoots, shorten the shoot period, and facilitate the germination of new shoots for many times. The amount of fertilizer application depends on the nature of the soil and the size of young trees, and there are few small roots after planting. About 25-30g of compound fertilizer, 20-25g of urea, 15-20g of potassium chloride and 50-75g of superphosphate are applied to each plant, and the amount of mixed application is reduced. The amount of fertilizer applied has increased correspondingly since the second year, an increase of about 40-60% over the previous year. In addition, according to the tree growth situation, foliar fertilizer can be sprayed during the rapid shoot growth period. Commonly used are urea 0.3% Mel 0.5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3% Mel 0.5%, magnesium sulfate 0.3% Mel 0.5%, borax 0.02% Mel 0.05%, boric acid 0.05% Mel 0.1%, Zinc Sulfate 0.1% Rue 0.6% and 1% MAE 3% superphosphate leaching solution. 2. Irrigation and drainage of young litchi roots are few and shallow, which is greatly affected by the high moisture content of topsoil. The phenomenon of "withering" often occurs in the young trees of one-year-old litchi, especially the circular branch seedlings which have germinated the first or second shoots and relaxed the water management after planting, so the "withering" is more serious, so we should pay attention to drenching and moisturizing in dry days and prevent the tree plate from accumulating water in rainy days.

3. Loosen and improve the soil. Litchi mycorrhiza is aerated and the soil is loose and aerated to promote root development. The cultivation of young orchards is mostly combined with intercropping, loosening the soil and weeding six or seven times a year. From the second year, the litchi fruit in hilly and mountainous areas should be turned deeply, combined with the application of organic matter fertilizer to expand holes and improve soil. The litchi orchard with high water level should pay attention to cultivating the soil and thickening the soil layer.

4. Intercropping and ground cover. Young and young litchi orchards should make full use of space interplanting and interplanting. Soil mulching can lower soil temperature in summer, keep warm in winter, prevent drought and moisture, reduce the growth of weeds and increase soil organic matter. The mulching method can plant green manure and raw grass, which can be covered on the soil surface after harvest in the dry season, or buried in the rhizosphere soil layer. Dead cover is usually covered with field weeds, crop stalks, etc., on the tree plate, on the cultivation of thin soil.

5. Pruning young litchi trees. Plastic pruning focuses on cultivating 3-4 main branches to make them grow at a suitable angle and distribute evenly. The pruning principle should be light rather than heavy, mainly cutting off cross branches, over-dense branches, curved branches, weak twigs, and flower ears that do not let them bear fruit, so that nutrients can be effectively used to expand the crown. Branches that can be cut but not trimmed are temporarily retained. The pruning period is carried out before the germination of new shoots. Pruning and pruning can be done by pruning, coring, pulling, hanging, stretching and other methods.

6. Protect trees from cold. If the temperature drops below-2 ℃ in winter, it will suffer frost damage, especially the young trees will have more times of hair tips, stop growing late, the branches and leaves are not fully mature before the cold comes, and the cold resistance is low. The last shoot can be fully matured as early as possible to prevent winter shoots from sprouting after November; the top of the crown of young trees is covered with straw to prevent frost; litchi orchard accumulates sod leaves, according to prediction, smoke and frost prevention before frost; cover the soil surface of the root growth area with green manure, crop branches and leaves or garbage, and then cover it with thin mud.

Management of Litchi fruiting trees

1. Apply fertilizer scientifically. (6) according to the research on mineral nutrition of litchi in recent years, for every 100kg fresh fruit produced by 15-20-year-old plants, the amount of fertilizer applied in the whole year is: N1.61.9kg, P2O51.2-2.0kg, K2O2.5-3.5kg. Fertilization in the whole year is mainly divided into three periods.