Planting techniques of kiwifruit

Kiwifruit belongs to Actinidia genus of Actinidia family. It is a deciduous vine fruit tree rich in vitamins and nutrients. It is known as the "king of fruits". It has high economic value and cultivation value. Suitable for mild climate, abundant rainfall, fertile soil, lush vegetation, soil to deep, good drainage, moist medium black humus soil, sandy loam, pH 5.5-7 of the slightly acidic soil planting.

Selection of suitable varieties

Hongyang (Hongxinguo), Haiwote, Bruno, Qingcheng No. 1, Qinmei, Miliang No. 1, Chuanqi No. 2, Chuanqi No. 3 and Chuanqi No. 4 are the main varieties.

seedling

1. Rootstock seedling cultivation

1.1 and seed collection. Harvest fully ripe fruit from early September to early October. After ripening and softening, squeeze out the fruit together with the seeds, put them into gauze bags and rub them, separate the seeds from the pulp, wash them repeatedly with water, and spread the washed seeds indoors in the shade.

1.2 and seeds. Sand storage treatment: soak seeds in warm water at 40-50℃ for 2 hours, then soak in cold water for one day and night, and then sow seeds in sand for 50-60 days. Kiwifruit seeds in the sand storage process afraid of dry and wet, to frequently check, frequently flip, to prevent mildew.

1.3 Sowing.① Sowing time: Generally, it is ideal to raise seedlings in areas above 800 degrees above sea level, sowing from mid-March to early April.② Sowing method: First, the nursery land shall be selected in a place with deep fertile soil layer and good drainage and transportation conditions; second, the soil preparation shall be carried out in a compartment, sufficient base fertilizer shall be applied, impurities shall be removed, the width of the compartment shall be about 1 meter, the seedbed shall be slightly suppressed, water shall be poured thoroughly, and the seeds stored in sand shall be sown with sand. After sowing, sprinkle a layer of fine river sand about 2-3 mm thick, and cover straw, spray water on the grass or build plastic shed. Third, strengthen seedbed management to ensure the cultivation of healthy rootstock seedlings.

2. Cultivation of grafted seedlings

2.1 Grafting period. About 20 days before germination, that is, from mid-February to late March.

2.2 Grafting methods. The method of single bud cutting and grafting is mainly adopted, which specifically comprises the following steps: selecting scions with abundant growth and smaller pith, cutting branch segments with a bud, and growing 3-4 cm long. Select a flat side to cut off the cortex, the length of the cut surface is 2-3 cm, the depth is appropriate to expose the xylem or slightly with xylem, and the opposite side of the cut surface is cut off with a short inclined surface of about 50 degrees. cutting stock at the position 10- 15cm away from the ground, selecting a smooth surface and cutting downwards, wherein the cutting surface length is slightly longer than that of scion, and the depth is the same as that of scion; peeling the stock by 2/3; then inserting scion, wherein the scion is required to be basically the same in size as the stock; paying attention to aligning the cambium layer of the stock, and then wrapping with plastic grafting film to expose the bud hole of the scion.

2.3 Management of grafted seedlings. One is 3-4 weeks after grafting, the buds begin to sprout, and the binding film can be removed after the new buds grow out of the basic aging. Second, after the spring and autumn abdominal grafting seedlings survive, we should immediately cut the anvil, cut about 4 cm away from the interface. After the buds survive in summer, they can be broken first and then cut. Third, timely removal of the bud on the rootstock is the key to survival. Fourth, nursery land should be cultivated and weeded frequently, and attention should be paid not to touch the newly issued buds when weeding. Fifthly, after the buds sprout and shoot, it is necessary to set up pillars beside the buds and tie the new shoots on the pillars. Sixth, seedlings 60 cm high should be properly picked. Seventh, combined with irrigation, can be applied into human feces, pig manure, etc., or added to the water 1% urea application, July fertilization can be added to the appropriate amount of calcium superphosphate, promote seedling branch aging, bud eye plump. Eight is July-August kiwifruit seedlings to take shade measures, avoid direct exposure to strong light.

Garden construction

1. Garden selection

Kiwifruit root fleshy, particularly fragile, both afraid of waterlogging, but also afraid of high temperature and drought, new shoots are afraid of strong wind broken, but also afraid of late spring cold or low temperature freeze injury. Suitable for planting in subalpine areas (800-1400 meters above sea level), choose deep soil layer, fertile soil, loose texture, good drainage and convenient transportation places to build gardens, such as in low mountains, hills or plains when planting kiwi fruit, must have appropriate drainage and irrigation facilities to ensure that the rainy season is not affected by water, dry season can be timely irrigation. It is best to build windbreaks around the park.

2. Planting period

The best planting period in southern production area is from the early December to the middle of February, the earlier the better.

3. Configuration of pollinating trees

Kiwifruit is a dioecious fruit tree. The selection and disposition of pollinated male plants is one of the conditions to ensure normal fruiting. Male plant selection should pay attention to the same or slightly earlier flowering period with the main varieties, large pollen amount, long flowering period. The ratio of female to male is 6:1 or 5:1, the yield is high and the quality is good.

4. Planting density

Generally, planting density is closely related to cultivation frame. The planting density from home is 2m×4m, T frame is 3m×4m, and about 56 trees are planted per mu. The planting density of flat roof frame is 3m×5m.

5. Support establishment

Generally, in the winter of the year after planting, supports are set up, which are divided into pillars (cement columns, wooden columns, stone columns, bamboo columns and associated trees, etc.), beams (cement columns, wooden columns, bamboo and metal, etc.), and shed surfaces are iron wires. According to the local conditions, wood frames, steel frames, concrete frames and associated tree frames are selected, and the frames are mainly "Y"-shaped frames and "T"-shaped frames.

6, planting frame