High-yield cultivation techniques of Shatang tangerine

Sugar orange has the characteristics of early fruiting and high yield, pure sweetness and residue, which is suitable for the consumption habits of Chinese people, and its market price is 2 times higher than that of other oranges. The main techniques of planting and management of sugar orange are introduced as follows.

Select pure disease-free and insect-free strong seedlings

The early-maturing varieties have good quality and high yield. The seedlings with Fructus Aurantii as rootstocks are dwarfed early and prolific, and the seedlings with sour tangerines as rootstocks are upright and prosperous, and put into production late. The height of the seedling is more than 40 cm, the thickness is more than 5 cm, there are no quarantine diseases and insect pests (canker, Huanglong disease), the fibrous root is well developed, and the scion and rootstock have good compatibility.

Proper selection of land and reasonable close planting

Sugar orange can grow and bear fruit normally on the same soil quality, but for fast growth, early fruit, high and stable yield, it requires a moist and fertile soil environment, so to develop the cultivation of sugar orange, it is necessary to choose paddy fields with convenient transportation, sufficient water, irrigation and drainage, deep pine and fertile soil, early land, alluvial land by the river, and trough land. In order to achieve the purpose of high yield in the early stage, the method of dwarfing and dense planting was adopted in fertile paddy field and dry land, with 200 trees per mu and row spacing of 2 m × 1.5 m or 2 m × l m. About 100 plants per mu are planted in the mountain area, and the row spacing is 3 × 2 meters. Production practice has proved that dwarfing and dense planting is an important technical measure to realize early fruiting and high yield of sugar orange. Cross shading occurs after many years of high yield in dense planting garden, and then thinning is carried out.

Planting method

Sugar tangerines are generally planted from February to March in spring. Sand sugar oranges are developed on fertile paddy fields and riverside alluvial soil, which can be planted in shallow pits, while paddy fields should be arranged in high beds according to plant rows. For dry land and sloping land with poor soil quality, it is necessary to dig a deep pit of 1 meter square and prepare sufficient base fertilizer. Each pit applies 3 jin of phosphate fertilizer, 5 jin of lime, 100 jin of garbage or pond mud, and 30 jin of pig, cow and chicken manure. When filling the pit, mix the fertilizer with the soil and then fill it back into the pit. The tree plate is about 20 cm higher than the ground. Before planting, cut off some branches and leaves of the seedlings to reduce water evaporation, cut off the main root and retain the fibrous root as much as possible. When planting, dig a shallow hole to let the fibrous root stretch naturally, and then return to the soil to compact the soil. The height of the buried soil can not be buried beyond the joint of the graft. After planting, cover the tree plate with straw or other weeds and sprinkle it with rooting water. Within a month of planting, it is necessary to keep the soil near the root system moist, high temperature, sunny for a long time, dry soil, drenched with water every day, rainy days, when the soil is moist, there is no need to drench water.

Management of young trees

1. Fertilizer and water management

Young tree management takes fertilizer and water management as the center, promoting root growth, early branch growth and rapid development, and the early formation of tree crown. After 40 days of planting, the new roots began to grow, which could be diluted 3 times with rotten manure water and applied every 10 to 15 days, 5 kilograms per tree. With the growth of young trees, the concentration and dosage of manure water were gradually increased, and urea was properly added to dissolve in fecal water and then drenched. From the second year of planting, the number of fertilization can be reduced and the amount of manure can be increased each time.

And the amount of chemical fertilizer, 30 jin of manure and 3 taels of urea are applied each time. In September, stop applying nitrogen fertilizer and dung water, apply potassium fertilizer once, and apply potassium chloride half a jin per plant to promote flower bud differentiation. At the same time, attention should be paid to soil moisture management.

2. Shaping and pruning

The purpose of shaping is to make the sugar orange tree have a reasonable skeleton and a good tree shape with evenly distributed branches, so as to facilitate ventilation and light transmission, three-dimensional fruit, reduce the damage of diseases and insect pests, and lay the foundation for early bearing and high yield. The natural happy shape is generally adopted in the shaping of sand sugar orange. After planting, the trunk is cut short at 40 cm, and after it is sprouted, three branches with different directions are selected as the main technique. The angle between the main technique and the vertical line of the trunk is 45 °, and the main branch is too upright. The angle of the branch should be enlarged by rope. When the main branch is ripe, it will be cut short after 30 cm, and then three deputy main branches in different directions will be selected on the main branch. In the future, this method can be used to lengthen the bone in the branches of the tree. The erect branches planted on the main branches, secondary main branches and other backbone branches should be cut off, and the weak branches should be properly retained as auxiliary branches. The sprouting power of sugar orange is strong, and the branches are relatively dense. Each shoot is generally left with 3-4 shoots, and all the redundant ones are removed. In order to make the summer and autumn shoots neat, it is necessary to wipe the buds and control the shoots, that is, when there are only sporadic branches in the whole garden, wipe off the buds and stimulate the lateral buds to sprout until 80% of the branches sprout in the whole garden, so as to facilitate the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests.

Fruiting young tree

1. Fertilizer and water management. Young fruit trees were applied three times: stable fruit fertilizer, after Xiehua tree consumed a lot of nutrients, should be replenished in time, 50 jin of dung water per plant, or half jin of compound fertilizer and urea.

(2) strong fruit fertilizer. From July to August, the fruit expanded rapidly, and in the early stage of autumn shoot, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were applied together with 1 jin of compound fertilizer and half jin of urea and potash fertilizer per plant.