High-yield cultivation techniques of muskmelon

Cantaloupe is a fleshy fruit of melons with many chambers and seeds, much like berries, but the receptacle of these fruits heals with the exocarp and often forms a thick exocarp, which is specially called "melon and fruit" in classification. Cantaloupe is a typical example.

Select suitable varieties

Muskmelon varieties cultivated in plastic greenhouse must have the characteristics of low temperature tolerance in the early stage, high temperature tolerance in the later stage, good fruiting, early maturity, high yield, high quality and so on. Through several years of practice, it has been proved that Qitian No. 1, White Sugar can, Longtian No. 1, Elizabeth and Huangdaozi can all be cultivated.

Seedlings should be raised to the ground at daylight and temperature. Generally speaking, it is more suitable to raise seedlings in the lunar calendar "the Beginning of Spring". First of all, the seeds were treated and the seeds were removed. In the sun for 1-2 days, soak the seeds in 50 ℃ warm water for 10 minutes, pour water while stirring when the water temperature drops to 30 ℃, soak the seeds for 4 hours, then control the dry water, pack them with clean wet cloth bags, put them into the mutual basin to accelerate germination, the germination temperature should be in the range of 250-30 ℃, wash twice a day, after 36 hours, the seeds can be sowed directly into the nutrition bag. If the seedlings are planned to be planted in early March, the seedlings should be refined half a month before planting. The method of refining seedlings is to lower the temperature in the room and strengthen the ventilation. Generally, the temperature should be lower than 20 ℃ during the day and no higher than 10 ℃ at night, and the temperature should be lowered gradually.

Reasonable close planting

Generally speaking, the seedling age of muskmelon cultivated in greenhouse is about 55 days. The seedlings bred before and after the Beginning of Spring were planted in late March, yielded auspicious months before planting, buckled the roasted land with friend film, and carried out deep ploughing at the same time, applying high-quality mature basic fertilizer 5000 kg per mu. Diammonium phosphate 10 kg, and then made into a border of 0.65m, with two rows in each row, with a distance of 30 cm, or a ridge of 60 cm, covering 2500 seedlings per mu between the two ridges. As the external temperature is relatively low during this period, there is often a cold current, so it is best to cover it with plastic film plus a small arch and cover two layers of paper quilt at night.

Prune and pick the heart

If the cantaloupe in the greenhouse is not framed, the pruning method of leaving vines on both sides is mainly adopted, and the heart is picked out when the two tongue leaves of the seedling are unfolded. In order to appear on the market early, only one melon is left on each vine, and only 4 leaves are left on the melon to pick the heart, and wipe it off when you see the sprouting.

Field management

1. Cantaloupe fertilization is mainly based on base fertilizer. When 4 leaves are plucked, 15 kg of diammonium phosphate can be applied per mu and 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed on the leaves in order to promote the occurrence of vines and the needs of initial fruit development. After the first melon harvest, rotten water and potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be applied per mu.

2. In principle, the irrigation of cantaloupe is mainly controlled, and there is no drought and no watering. It can be watered four times during the whole growth period. After the first planting, the first flower was watered with pre-flowering water before flowering, the third time when the melon grew to the size of the egg, and the fourth time, the foliar water was watered 10 days before fruit harvest.

3. Pest control. In order to give priority to prevention, when planting, 70% dimethazone was mixed into medicinal soil with a ratio of 1: 5, which was applied to ammonium, or biological pesticide Nongkang 120 was used to irrigate roots to prevent and control Fusarium wilt and other root diseases. Grafting seedlings can also be used to control Fusarium wilt, and rootstocks can be used to remove southern black-grained pumpkins. Aphids can use the fumigated aphid No. 2 developed by Shenyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences.

Timely harvest

The earliest harvest of muskmelon in greenhouse was on June 2, and the grafted cantaloupe could be harvested about a week in advance. On June 20, the first stubble fruit could reach 2500 kg per mu. The previous price is 10 yuan / kg, and the average price is 6 yuan / kg. The output value per mu can reach 7500 yuan, and the net income per mu is 6000 yuan.