Cultivation techniques of kumquat

Variety classification of kumquat

Kumquat is usually divided into ordinary kumquat and slippery kumquat. Let's take a look at the difference between these two kinds of kumquat.

1. Kumquat

Kumquat (including flame, gold, honey, embroidery, kumquat, golden bullet, golden jujube, etc.) belongs to Yun spice, is a spiny evergreen shrub, tree height of more than 1 meter, up to 4 meters. The diameter of the crown is more than 2 meters. Branches orbicular, slightly angular, internodes short, 9 nodes spur ca. 1 cm. The thorn is 3.2mi 3.8 cm long, the thorn end is sharp, yellow, transverse and emitted under the leaf. Ye Musheng, born quite closely. The tip of the new leaf is slightly obtusely serrated, the petiole is short and has narrow wings. The flower is white, 5-merous, calyx narrow, florescence 6 ━ September, the first flowering before and after Grain in Beard: the second flowering the Summer Solstice to Lesser Fullness of Grain: the third flowering in small, large flowers; the fourth and fifth flowering before and after the Beginning of Autumn. It didn't blossom until after osmanthus fruit. Orange fruits usually begin to ripen in mid-October and enter picking.

The fruit is oval and orbicular in shape, with a diameter of 2.49mi 3.2 cm and a height (length) of 2.73 Mel 3.35 cm. The center of the fruit is hypertrophy, both ends are gradually smaller, the top of the fruit is smooth, the end of the row is slightly concave, slightly grooved, the column point is quite small, when mature, the luster is shining, the fruit is yellow-green or golden yellow, the fruit section is fragrant, and the pericarp is 4mm thick. The oil bubbles are light orange. The flesh is difficult to separate and succulent, sour and sweet. Each fruit contains 5-8 seeds, and each orange tree produces 8-10 kg of fruit.

The seedlings of ① began to blossom and bear fruit in 5 ~ 6 years, and they could be harvested for 40-50 years and 100 years respectively.

② grafted seedlings began to blossom and bear fruit in 3-5 years, which was earlier than that of seedlings. Early income. Pressed seedlings are basically similar to grafted seedlings.

2. Smooth-skinned kumquat

Slippery kumquat is a newly developed excellent variety. Kumquat is upright, with a height of 1.5m, crown diameter of 2m, stem circumference of 40cm, trunk height of 1.8m, smooth unprickly, grayish brown, and thin, soft and smooth vegetative branches. Leaves verticillate, elliptic lanceolate, 6.3 cm long, 2 mi 3.1 cm wide, petiole 1.1 cm long, leaves all green, apex obtuse, boat-shaped, tail 1 knot 3 wavy, leaf surface dark green, leaf back light green, main vein raised, lateral reticulate veins obvious. Flowers white, 3-merous, mostly 5-merous, spoon-shaped, 1.12 cm long and 0.42 cm wide, apex oily inconspicuously brittle and smooth. The pedicel is 0.53 cm long and the petals turn outward when they open. The florescence of kumquat was 5 days earlier than that of ordinary kumquat, and it opened 4 times from June to August.

The fruit is orchard-shaped or oval-shaped, and the pericarp is crisp and slippery. The single fruit is large and heavy, 23.6 grams, tight meat, yellow and white, more than 20% soluble solids, sweet and crisp fruit, no hot and sour taste. The epidermis is thin and tough, which is more resistant to storage than ordinary kumquat, and the mature period is from November to January of the following year.

Requirements for planting environment of kumquat

1. Growth habits

Kumquat is a neutral tree species. Seedling stage and young forest stage neutral partial shade, after the forest neutral partial sun, like warm and humid climate, like fertilizer, afraid of waterlogging, avoid drought, excessive light, exposure is prone to sunburn. For planting in mountainous area, it is better to choose north direction, northeast direction or southeast direction, which can adapt to a wide range of soil acidity and alkalinity, and the slightly acidic soil of 5.5 color 6.5 is the most suitable. Strong cold resistance. It grows fast. The seedlings born in two years are as high as 60-70 cm.

① smoke slightly from late April to early May for 28 days, summer slightly in late June and mid-July for 25-28 days. Autumn smokes a little in the middle of August and stops in the middle and late September for 30 days.

② florescence: the first flowering is in mid-late June, the second flowering is in mid-late July, the third flowering is in mid-late August, the fourth flowering is from early September to October, and it takes about 150Mel 170 days from flowering to fruit ripening.

2. Growing soil environment

Kumquat is suitable for planting in mountainous areas. Hills, low mountains and middle mountain areas with an elevation of 200 to 500 meters above sea level, especially in river valleys, are surrounded by mountains to prevent cold currents) to prevent low temperature and wind damage. Kumquat tree belongs to mycorrhizal plant, and its root system has the characteristics of good gas, good fertilizer and good humidity. therefore, in the land where orange forest is planted, it is better to use black sandy soil or yellow sandy soil with strong water storage and fertility, high natural fertility and deep soil layer. in order to promote the mycorrhizal growth of orange forest.

3. Climatic conditions for the growth of kumquat.

① temperature: orange forest requires a mild climate, with an average annual temperature of 19 ℃. The hottest July, the monthly average temperature is 27.9 ℃, and the coldest January, the monthly average temperature is 8.5 ℃. In the past 30 years, the extreme maximum temperature in the county was 38.6 ℃ (January 1971) and the extreme minimum temperature was 5.5 ℃ below zero (January 1963). The average frost-free period is 290 days. It was not found that the golden orange forest was damaged by high temperature freezing.

② rainfall: the average annual rainfall is 1942.5 per cent, the rainfall in June accounts for nearly 20 per cent of the annual rainfall, and the rainfall in December or January only accounts for 2.5 per cent of the annual rainfall, and no failure of orange harvest caused by too little rainfall has been found.

③ humidity: the air humidity is too high, the orange fruit contains more water, and the skin is delicate. On the contrary, if the air is too dry, the orange fruit will underdevelop, resulting in small peel and light meat. During the flowering and fruiting period of inferior kumquat, the humidity is more than 80%.

④ sunshine hours: the total number of sunshine hours in the whole year is 1416.3 hours, accounting for 32% of the local sunshine hours. More sunshine hours in summer and autumn, less sunshine hours in winter and spring, 502.2 hours in summer, 47.4 hours in autumn, 214.3 hours in winter) 228.4 hours in spring. High yield and high quality of kumquat is better with more sunshine in spring and autumn and less intense direct sunlight in summer.