Pineapple planting management technology

Pineapple is a tropical perennial herbaceous fruit tree, which likes to be warm and humid, avoid low temperature frost, strong drought resistance, but good growth and development requires sufficient moisture, insufficient or excessive or uneven rainfall, which should be regulated by drainage and irrigation. Pineapple is native to tropical rain forests and tropical plateaus, with strong shade tolerance, like diffuse light, avoid direct light, but high yield and high quality still need sufficient light. Pineapple is widely suitable for soil, but it is not suitable for neutral or alkaline soil, clayey or unstructured silt. PH5--6 is required. The pineapple plant is short and less harmed by the wind, but the strong wind above 6 °can also cause damage.

Planting and seedling raising

There are 4 000 pineapple plants planted in 666.67 square meters, which need a large number of seedlings. Three methods are commonly used: plastic sprouting propagation, vegetative propagation and tissue culture. Time and method of sprouting: plants with 40 cm long green leaves, usually 40 leaves of Cain and 35 leaves of Philippine varieties, were selected from May to November. Each plant was perfused with 250 mg / L ethrel plus 1% urea and 0.5% potassium chloride solution 25 ml, and on the 5th and 12th day after treatment, the heart was perfused with 1500 times and 600 times-750 times orthopedic solution, respectively. Vegetative propagation is often used for seedling cultivation, that is, small terminal buds, small receptacle buds, small sucking buds and fruit tumor buds in the field are pseudo-planted in the nursery and come out of the nursery. The seedlings were cultivated by using the small receptacle buds left on the fruit stalk after fruit harvest, and the old stems were propagated by cutting and renewing the old stems. Tissue culture seedlings were cultured in Ms medium at room temperature for 30 ℃, light for 12 hours or natural light.

Pineapple planting technique

1. Choose a good garden: choose a place with plenty of sunshine, abundant water and convenient transportation as a commodity production base facing north to south.

2. Scientific planting: before planting, improve the barren soil, apply sufficient basic fertilizer, and select strong seedlings for planting. Density: 4000 plants for every 666.67 square meters of caine and 5000 plants for queens.

3. Strengthen fertilizer and water management after planting.

① fertilizer application rate: 42.2kg of nitrogen, 26.8kg of phosphorus, 38.5kg of potassium and 0.62 ∶ of N ∶ P2O5 ∶ K2O=1 ∶ per 666.67 square meters in Guangxi, China.

② fertilization period: usually apply bud-promoting fertilizer before budding from December to February of the following year, and strong bud fertilizer from July to August after fruit harvest; apply strong fruit budding fertilizer between bud-promoting fertilizer and strong bud fertilizer; foliar fertilizer was applied once a year in April, June, July and September, topdressing twice in May and August, 1% urea and 0.5% potassium sulfate solution was used; base fertilizer was applied after fruit harvest.

③ water management: timely drainage and irrigation to prevent waterlogging and drought.

4. Do a good job in other management: if the growth and development of the fruit is not affected, buds should be removed and retained properly; flower promotion should be carried out in order to promote the flower; in order to improve the weight and quality of the fruit, after all the florets thank the flower, spray the fruit with 50 mg / L gibberellin plus 0.5% urea solution, spray it for the second time after 20 days, spray 70 mg / L gibberellin plus 0.3% urea solution. In order to make the fruit mature uniformly, when the fruit develops to medium well, the fruit should be ripened with 300mg / L spray fruit.

Pest control

1. Disease control

① Fusarium wilt control: after the disease of the plant, the leaves became soft and drooping, the leaf color was light green to red, the base rotted, and finally the whole plant died. The disease is caused by pink scale insects. The method of prevention and control is to strictly pay attention to the propagation of diseased seedlings at first. Secondly, kill the pink scale beetle in time, soak the head with 500 times dimethoate solution and plant it after being cold and dry. If you find the damage caused by pink scale insects after planting, spray dimethoate 500x liquid in time, or 25% Chinese family meiling 1500 times liquid. If diseased plants are found, they should be dug up in time to prevent them from spreading.

Prevention and control of ② black rot: the core of the damaged fruit blackened and gradually expanded to the whole fruit rot, and the bacteria were mostly invaded by the bud picking place and the fruit stalk wound. The method of prevention and control is to be careful not to top and pick fruit in rainy days, so as to reduce the chance of germs invading. This disease is also the main disease of storing pineapple fresh fruit.

③ seedling heart rot control: seedling heart rot death. It is mainly caused by stacking heat or stagnant water. The prevention and control methods are to prevent the seedlings from being stacked for too long, especially in the process of long-distance transportation, so as to avoid fever and injury caused by high temperature, high humidity and airtight. Spread out as soon as you arrive at the destination, plant after a little sun for 1 or 2 days, avoid planting in rainy days, and pay attention to deep ploughing and shallow planting.

2. Pest control

When the fruit is bitten by a big-headed cricket when the fruit is ripe, it will cause poor fruit quality and become a grade external fruit. Control method: 1 kg of fried sweet potato with 5 dry grams of rice bran is mixed with a small amount of pickle juice, and then 100 grams of 90% crystal trichlorfon are added to make a poison bait the size of beans, and each bait is trapped around the plant at night.

Harvest and processing

When it is appropriate to harvest is related to fresh or processed food, near-sale or long-distance sale. In general, it is appropriate to harvest the fruits that are sold in the near future, and when the fruits sold far away or used as raw materials are green or 4 small fruits turn yellow, it is the right time to harvest.

Pineapple can be fresh and processed, can be processed into canned pineapple, pineapple juice, etc., pineapple fresh fruit can also be quick-frozen: after washing, peeling, through the core, cut, after-35 ℃ freezing treatment, stored at-20 ℃ low temperature, can make nutrition and fresh pineapple the same. In addition, pineapple processing by-products, can make sugar, alcohol, monosodium glutamate, citric acid and so on.