Mango planting and management technology

Mango is one of the famous tropical fruits, which is very popular because of its delicate and sweet flesh, special flavor and high nutritional value. Mango also has the characteristics of wide adaptability, fast growth, long fruiting period and high economic value, so it enjoys the reputation of "king of tropical fruits". In recent years, the planting area of mango in the world has been expanding year by year, and the yield has also increased year by year. At present, after grapes, oranges, bananas and apples, it has become the fifth largest fruit in the world.

Choose a place to build a garden

1. Garden selection: mango orchard requires that the soil layer is thicker, the soil quality is not easy to solidify, there is no stagnant water, and it is close to the water source, so that it can be irrigated to ensure a bumper harvest during spring drought.

2. Planting density: according to climate, soil fertility and varieties, the planting specifications can be 4 meters × 4 meters, 4 meters × 5 meters and 5 meters × 6 meters.

3. Planting: the suitable planting time is from June to August every year. Choose cloudy or sunny days for planting, when planting, put the seedlings into a pre-prepared planting hole and then return to the soil, when planting bags, plastic bags must be removed before planting.

Orchard management

1. Irrigation and drainage

After planting, the seedlings need to be drenched and kept warm in the case of drought. Watering once every 7 to 10 days is appropriate to keep the orchard soil moist. Regular irrigation is needed during the flowering and fruiting period to ensure the moisture needed for flowering and fruit. If there is local stagnant water in the rainy season, it should be drained in time.

2. Ploughing, weeding and loosening the soil

The orchard requires weeding 4-6 times a year to keep the rhizosphere to weed. The shallow root circle should be loosened before late autumn to winter.

3. Coverage

Grass mulching can maintain water balance soil temperature, reduce the breeding of weeds, at the same time, increase soil organic matter, prevent consolidation, which is beneficial to the activity of root groups.

4. Deep digging and soil pressing,

At the crown drip line, dig fertilizer ditches that are 80cm long and 150cm long, 40cm deep and 50cm wide. Each ditch is pressed into 40-50 kg of grass, 10-20 kg of soil fertilizer and 0.5-1 kg of superphosphate.

5. Fertilization for fruiting trees

① is fat after fruit. Mainly organic fertilizer, combined with deep ploughing to improve soil. Each plant should also be increased by 0.5 kg of available nitrogen fertilizer.

② fertilizes the flower. The period of flower bud differentiation was from 11 to 12 months one month before flowering. Generally, ammonium sulfate or urea is 0.51kg / plant.

③ Xie Hua Fei. Add 0.5%-1% potassium hydrogen phosphate or potassium nitrate as extra-root topdressing when applying quick-acting nitrogen and potassium fertilizer or combined spraying in mango blossom.

④ strong fruit fertilizer. The fertilization time is from March to April every year. The amount of fertilizer applied this time accounts for 60% of the amount used in the whole year. The mixed ratio of N ∶ P ∶ K was 8 ∶ 1 ∶ 8. Combined with irrigation, it is beneficial to the water and nutrients needed for fruit expansion.

Tree management

1. Shaping and pruning of young trees

After planting, reshaping begins when the seedlings are 80-90 cm high. The steps of shaping and pruning of young trees are as follows: fixing the trunk, cultivating the main branch, cultivating the secondary main branch, and adding auxiliary branches. Establish a good tree structure for future results and maintain the rationality of the crown.

2. Pruning of the result tree

The pruning of the fruiting tree is to sort out and straighten out the branches on the basis of shaping, create a well-ventilated and transparent crown, and lay the foundation for high yield and high quality. Pruning is generally dominated by short cuts and sparse deletions. However, the climatic conditions in different parts of Hainan are different, and the means of pruning are different, but they all achieve the concept of "big branches are bright, but twigs are flirtatious".

Control shoot and promote flower

The non-flowering of right-age trees is an important reason for the unstable production of mango, and it is also a common phenomenon in production. The non-flowering of mango trees is related to the partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, excessive nutrition and warm and humid weather in winter. In order to make the mango trees of suitable age blossom and bear fruit normally, hormone and plant growth regulators, nutrient regulation and some physical measures should be used to stop the growth of the top, accumulate enough nutrients and transfer to flower bud differentiation and flowering in time.

1. Regulation of growth regulators the application of plant growth regulators to regulate the growth, flowering, fruit setting and increase the yield of mango is an effective measure in mango production. At present, ethephon and paclobutrazol are commonly used in production.

① ethephon. After ethephon enters the plant, it slowly decomposes and releases ethylene, which acts as a regulator for plant growth and development, can promote plant flower bud differentiation, and increase the ratio of bisexual flowers.

② paclobutrazol. Paclobutrazol (paclobutrazol) is a new plant growth retarder widely used in recent years with low toxicity, short residual period, low residue and obvious effect. It can inhibit the biosynthesis of gibberellin in plants, thus inhibit the vegetative growth of plants and promote their flowering and fruiting.

2. Nutrient regulation

① was sprayed with potassium nitrate. Spraying potassium nitrate can make the tree blossom and bear fruit several months earlier, and promote the tree that cannot bear fruit because of the vegetative growth. But its flower-promoting effect was slightly worse than that of ethephon and paclobutrazol.

② fertilized rationally. The use of fertilization to regulate the growth and development of mango is one of the important means to control shoots and promote flowers. Unreasonable fertilizer application will directly affect the quantity and quality of mango tree flowering, and even affect the fruit setting rate and the development of young fruit. If too much nitrogen is applied, it will lead to luxuriant branches and leaves, and it is difficult for the plant to grow into flowers. If the amount of fertilizer applied is too little, it will lead to early flowering and early falling. Phosphorus deficiency in mango affects its respiratory intensity and carbohydrate transfer. Potassium deficiency in mango affects the regulation and stress resistance of photosynthesis and metabolism.