Planting and cultivation techniques of Daguo Loquat

Daguo loquat is an excellent variety of loquat with a single fruit weight of more than 40ml / 50g, beautiful fruit and high commercial value. At present, the excellent varieties popularized and planted in production are: Zaozhong 6, Dawuxing, Jiefang Bell and so on. Loquat is a specialty fruit in southern China, and the fresh fruit is rich in nutrition. according to analysis, every 100 grams of pulp contains 7 grams of carbohydrates, 0.8 grams of crude fiber, 0.4 grams of protein, 0.10 grams of fat, 22 milligrams of calcium, 32 milligrams of phosphorus and 1.33 milligrams of carotene. Loquat is full of "treasure". The fruit has the effects of relieving thirst and annealing, invigorating the stomach and clearing heat, while the leaves have the effects of clearing lung, qi, harmony and adverse effect, mainly treating lung-heat cough. Flowers can resolve phlegm and relieve cough. Wait. It is an excellent variety of fruit worthy of vigorous development.

Characteristics of fine varieties

1. Zaozhong No. 6 loquat: this variety was bred by crossing Jiefangzhong loquat as female parent and Mori Zaosheng variety introduced from Japan. It is the most precocious variety in China at present. This variety matures 20ml 30 days earlier than the general precocious variety, which has important economic value for early listing and supply market. The tree potential of this variety is moderate, semi-open, with stout branches, long oval leaves, slightly curled leaf edges, thick leaves and not glossy leaves. The fruit is oval, and when 4-5 fruits are left per ear, the average weight of a single fruit is 50.3 grams, with a maximum of 108 grams. The peel is orange, the fruit size is uniform, the skin thickness is easy to peel off, the flesh is orange-red, the flesh is 0.85 cm thick, the flesh is fine, dregs, high quality, sweet and sour less, with aroma. Soluble solids 10.5%, acid content 0.32g/100g pulp, sugar content 10.25%. The edible rate is 70.1%. Each fruit contains 3-4 seeds. This variety has the characteristics of less occurrence of spot disease, strong stress resistance, less occurrence of fruit cracking, wrinkle and sunburn, good yield performance and so on. It began to bear fruit in the third year after planting, and the average plant yield was more than 8.0 kg in the fourth year and more than 20 kg in the fifth year. It is a good variety worthy of development.

2. Dawuxing loquat: "Dawuxing" loquat is a new high quality loquat variety selected from seedlings. He has won the "Silver Award" of the "99 Kunming World Expo" and is known as the "King of Loquat" by his domestic counterparts. The variety has the following characteristics: Dawuxing loquat fruit weighs about 80 grams, with a maximum of 194 grams, orange-red peel, strong sweet taste, good quality, 13.5-14.8% soluble solids, high fruit firmness, strong pericarp toughness, and resistance to storage and transportation. it can be stored and transported for more than 10 days at room temperature and for 2 months under frozen conditions. The edible rate is 75%. The ripening period was about one month later than that of Zaozhong No. 6 loquat. The comprehensive character index was much higher than that of Jiefang Zhong and Zaozhong 6 loquat. It belongs to a late-maturing variety. It is of practical significance to prolong the supply of fruit in the market. Generally, the flowers can be tested and bear fruit in the second year after planting, with proper management, sufficient fertilizer and water, and the fruit yield can reach 2-5 kg. After that, the yield can be increased year by year, and the high yield period can be reached after seven or eight years. It is suggested that producers might as well try planting. Pure seedlings can be provided in this part.

3. Jiefangzhong loquat: this variety is originated from Putian in Fujian Province. The tree is strong, the branches are stout and open, the crown is naturally round, the leaves are oval, terminal, and the flowers are yellow and white. The fruit is Obovate, with an average single fruit weight of 60 grams and a large one of up to 170 grams. When ripe, the peel is orange-red with a small amount of rust, the skin is thick and easy to peel, the flesh is orange-red, the flesh is a little thicker, juicy and the flavor is strong. It blossoms from November to December in Guangzhou and matures from April to May the following year. The edible rate of fruit is 73%, the amount of soluble solids is 10-12%, and the quality is medium to high. The variety has strong adaptability and began to bear fruit in the third year after planting, which is relatively high-yielding and stable.

Biological characteristics of loquat

Loquat cultivation is easy, and the environmental conditions are not strict. As long as the annual average temperature is above 15 ℃ and the winter temperature is not lower than-5 ℃, loquat can be planted. Loquat can shoot and grow all the year round, and can shoot 4-5 times a year. The root system of loquat was not well developed, but stopped growing when it was more than 30 ℃. Most loquat varieties can self-bloom and bear fruit without pollination trees. The flowering period of each spike is 20-45 days, and the flowering period of a loquat tree is 1.5-2 months, which will cause inconsistent fruit ripening period in production, but it is good for market regulation. The fruit setting rate of loquat is generally more than 10-15%, and fruit thinning is needed. The results of big and small years are not obvious, and it is easy to obtain stable and high yield in cultivation. Loquat has a wide adaptability to soil and can grow from sandy soil, gravelly loam or clay. Among them, the soil with good drainage, deep soil layer, slightly clayey gravel, rich organic matter and pH value of about 6 is the most suitable for planting.

Key points of cultivation techniques

The main results are as follows: 1. Loquat should be planted in plots with deep soil layer, rich organic matter, good drainage and low groundwater level. Flat land planting should prevent stagnant water, need to dig deep trenches to build high piers for cultivation.

2. Planting requirements

① hole digging and base fertilizer: the size of the hole depends on the soil structure, which is generally required to be long, 80 cm wide and 60 cm deep. Fill each hole with 10-15 kg of weeds or straw, 0.5-0.75 kg of lime, 1.0-1.5 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate, 1 kg of compound fertilizer and 20-30 kg of mature manure. According to the principle of coarse and fine, each layer of fertilizer should be sprinkled with lime powder, then covered with soil, and mix well with fertilizer as far as possible. It is best to pile the topsoil into a mound 30 centimeters above the ground.