Cultivation techniques of Black Beauty Watermelon

Black beauty watermelon is a new variety of high-quality watermelon on the market. The single melon weighs 1.5 to 3.5 kilograms and the fruit is long and oval, which has the characteristics of high sugar content, good flavor and good quality. It is resistant to storage and transportation, strong commodity and high economic value. By using precocious techniques such as film seedling cultivation and plastic film mulching to cultivate black beauty watermelon, it can not only increase the yield by 30% to 50%, but also mature and appear on the market 20 to 25 days earlier, with remarkable economic benefits.

Sowing and raising seedlings

1. Preparation of nutritious soil: nutritious cup is used to raise seedlings, which requires 150 kilograms of nutritious soil per mu. The nutritive soil is made of 70% pond mud, 20% rotten organic fertilizer and 10% pure red mud sieve. Each bag weighs about 0.5 kg and put 6-7 grains of compound fertilizer in the middle of the nutrition bag. The raw materials for the preparation of nutritious soil should not be used in the soil that has been planted before.

2. Accelerate germination and sow seeds: soak the seeds with 50% carbendazim 500 times solution for 30 minutes, then soak them with clean water for 4 hours, pick up and accelerate germination until 70% of the seeds are white and sow. When sowing, the nutritious soil is first drenched with 500 times the liquid of carbendazim, the seeds are laid flat, the depth is about 1 cm, and the buds are down. After sowing, the seedlings are covered with nylon film to keep the nutritious soil moist. Generally, it can be unearthed 5-7 days after sowing. After unearthed, the cotyledons should be shelled manually to promote cotyledons to unfold as soon as possible.

3. Cultivate strong seedlings: spray the seedlings once every 7-10 days with 50% dimethoate 800 times solution and 50% carbendazim 500 times solution. When the first true leaf grows, it begins to be irrigated with mature human feces and urine 10 times as much as water, every other day. In the early morning of a sunny day, you can lift the film to refine the seedlings and re-cover it in the evening. The value can be set when the seedling grows to 2 or 3 true leaves.

Land preparation and planting

1. Land selection and preparation: select sandy land with sufficient sunshine, convenient drainage and irrigation, deep and loose soil layer to build a border for planting, with a width of 3 meters, a ditch width of 0.5 meters, and a slightly curved surface. Soil preparation can evenly spread 50 kg of quicklime per mu, which can not only disinfect but also neutralize the acidity of the soil. Per mu, 1000-1500 kg of rotten pig and cow manure, 20-25 kg of superphosphate, 30 kg of compound fertilizer and 10 kg of potassium sulfate were applied as base fertilizer and mixed with the soil.

2. Planting: when the seedlings grow to 2 or 3 true leaves, the distance between plants is 0.5 meters, and 330 plants are planted per mu. After transplantation, 50% carbendazim 500 times solution was used as root water. Then spread a film on the border surface on both sides of the seedling, and make the film close to the border surface, compacted without overturning.

Field management

1. Fertilization: the first fertilizer was applied 3 days after planting, and then once a week, mainly urea in the early stage and potash fertilizer in the later stage. In particular, heavy fertilization should be applied during the melon expansion period. when the melon grows to the size of the egg, 1000 kg of feces and urine of mature people are applied per mu, 20 kg of compound fertilizer and 20 kg of potassium sulfate are added. In the sunny afternoon, plastic film is applied to 60 cm away from the melon seedlings, and it is applied again 10 days later. At the same time, it can also be combined with spraying to control diseases and insect pests while spraying foliar fertilizer.

2. Whole vine: each plant retains one main vine and two strong vines, and cut off other daughter vines and grandchildren's vines as soon as possible. When the melon seedling changes from upright state to creeping growth, grass should be spread near the melon vine so that the melon vine can be entangled and the thin film reflection sunlight can be prevented from burning the melon seedling.

3. Pest control: the main control of underground pests at seedling stage. The main diseases in the growing period are Fusarium wilt, blight, powdery mildew and so on, which can be controlled by Guakuning, carbendazim and Dasheng powder, while the pests mainly include melon leaf miner, Huangshou melon, melon silk borer and so on. Dimethoate, Shachongshuang, Pumike, Sangli No. 1 can be used to control.

4. artificial pollination and melon selection techniques: black beauty watermelons generally do not need artificial pollination when the weather is good, but when overcast and rainy weather affects sitting melons, the blooming male flowers can be picked at 6: 8 in the morning for artificial pollination. Generally, there are three melons per plant, one for the main vine and one for the lateral vines. The first female flower is generally removed from the node, and the second female flower is selected, that is, the melon is left around section 10. The melon left should be covered with grass, and the contact surface should be kept dry. After sitting firmly, when the main and lateral vines grow to about 25 nodes, it is necessary to pick the heart, so that nutrients are concentrated to supply melons and fruits.

Timely harvest

Watermelons should be harvested at the right time and generally mature about 28 days after female flower pollination. 1 or 2 watermelons can be cut and examined before harvest to determine the harvest date.