How to prevent Diseases and insect pests in greenhouse Flowers in Spring

Spring for the flowers in the greenhouse, the occurrence of diseases and pests will increase, in spring this is a good time for flower growth, if diseases and insect pests occur, then the economic loss is very great. How should flowers in the greenhouse prevent diseases and insect pests in spring?

Greenhouse flowers

Strengthening the prevention of flower diseases and insect pests in spring greenhouse is a very important link in flower production in a year. The flowers in the greenhouse, the source of diseases and insect pests accumulated in a year, occur and develop in this season. Therefore, the prevention of flower diseases and insect pests in spring is mainly on the basis of eliminating the source of diseases and insect pests and preventing the occurrence and development of diseases and insect pests in time. In spring, the pests of flowers in greenhouse were mainly aphids, red spiders, thrips and powder fleas, followed by Pieris rapae and Spodoptera litura, and the diseases were powdery mildew, downy mildew, gray mold, bacterial blight and virus, followed by leaf spot, blight and so on.

The main steps of comprehensive prevention of flower diseases and pests in greenhouse in spring are as follows:

1. Weeds in the field, withered branches and leaves, dense branches and old stubble should be destroyed in time.

2. Choose the right pesticide, determine the concentration, and spray the cleaned plants and plots to kill the source of diseases and insect pests.

3. Pay attention to field observation and timely spray prevention.

4. Adjust the temperature and humidity in the shed and establish an unfavorable environment for the occurrence of diseases and insect pests.

5. Fumigate insecticides and fungicides in the shed to achieve early treatment and early prevention.

6. Expel and trap pests.

Control methods of Flower Diseases and insect pests

Control methods of Flower Diseases and insect pests

The prevention and control of diseases and insect pests in protected fields should carry out the principle of "prevention first and comprehensive control", strengthen artificial control on the basis of horticultural control, give full play to the control role of natural enemies, and carry out comprehensive control of diseases and insect pests combined with chemical control.

The main ways of prevention are as follows: (1) eliminate the source of diseases and insect pests or reduce the occurrence base of diseases and insect pests. For example, plant quarantine is an effective measure to prevent dangerous sexually transmitted diseases and insects from spreading along with seeds and seedlings. Lowering the occurrence base of diseases and insect pests refers to reducing the number of germs and pests overwintering; (2) worsening the environmental conditions for the occurrence and damage of diseases and insect pests is to create or make full use of conditions that are not conducive to diseases and insect pests; (3) to take timely and effective measures to eliminate diseases and insects before a large number of diseases and insects occur and cause significant harm. For example, the rational use of pesticides and the adoption of artificial and physical effective measures.

Comprehensive prevention and control is based on the prevention and control of agricultural technology, according to local and timely conditions, rational use of chemical control, biological control, physical and mechanical control and other measures, give full play to the positive role of various control methods, and make them combine organically and coordinate with each other.

Learn from each other to achieve the goal of economical, simple, safe and effective control and elimination of diseases and insect pests.

Take effective measures to protect flowers from pathogens and pests, control the number of pathogens and pests, improve environmental conditions, make them conducive to the growth and development of flowers, but not conducive to the survival and infection of pathogens and pests, and improve the resistance of flowers to diseases and pests. There are five specific prevention and control methods:

I. Plant quarantine

The frequent exchange and transportation of flower species and varieties between countries or regions has led to the spread of some diseases and insect pests and caused great losses to flower production. Liriomyza huidobrensis and Liriomyza huidobrensis, which are common in China, were introduced into China from abroad in 1994 because of lax quarantine, which caused great losses to the production of flowers and vegetables in our country. Therefore, blind introduction and adjustment should be avoided and quarantine laws and regulations should be strictly enforced.

Plant quarantine includes diseases, insects and weeds, which is a series of legal measures taken by the state to protect agricultural production from foreign dangerous venereal diseases, insects and weeds. According to the laws and regulations, the types of plant products that should be quarantined and the list of diseases, insects and weeds that are prohibited from carrying people and bringing out, quarantine objects are not allowed to be imported or exported, or can be exported or exported only after disinfection and elimination of quarantine objects, in case it spreads and becomes a disaster. Plant quarantine is an important part of the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, especially when the contemporary means of transportation are very developed and constantly expand exchanges with foreign countries, it is particularly important to strengthen quarantine work. At the same time, the transfer of seeds, seedlings and other cultivation materials between various regions of the country should also be quarantined, and quarantine objects are strictly prohibited from entering new areas.

II. Prevention and treatment of horticulture

The prevention and control method of agricultural technology is to make use of a series of cultivation and management technical measures in the process of flower cultivation to change some environmental conditions purposefully, so that it is not conducive to the occurrence and development of diseases and insects, but is conducive to the growth and development of flowers, so as to avoid or reduce the occurrence of diseases and pests, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the quality of flowers. Since most agricultural measures themselves are a means of high yield of flowers and plants, and there is no need to increase extra manpower and material resources for the prevention and control of diseases and pests, they often kill many birds with one stone and meet the economic requirements. at the same time, agricultural prevention and control has no adverse side effects such as polluting the environment and killing natural enemies. The specific measures of the Agricultural Technology Prevention and Control Law are as follows:

1. Rational fertilization and scientific watering of organic manure should be fully mature. Before application, the pathogens should be mixed with

The pests are completely killed and the pests are prevented from laying eggs on the organic fertilizer after application. When applying inorganic fertilizer, the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be reasonable. Instead of partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be applied, and formula fertilization should be advocated. Watering method should be appropriate, to avoid spray watering, it is best to adopt ditch irrigation or pouring along the edge of the basin. Water it in moderation. To choose a sunny morning watering, watering should be timely ventilation and dehumidification.

2. Keep the greenhouse and greenhouse clean and hygienic

It is necessary to timely remove the branches and leaves of diseased insects, pull out diseased plants, remove dead branches and fallen leaves, and thoroughly eradicate indoor and outdoor weeds so as to reduce the sources of diseases and insects. The sick and disabled body should be buried or burned.

3. Improve environmental conditions

Should be often ventilated, reduce humidity, in order to reduce the occurrence of high humidity diseases such as Botrytis cinerea on flowers. The planting density and the placement density of flowerpots should be suitable to facilitate ventilation and light transmission among plants and reduce the harm of oysters. Control the temperature well, don't turn hot and cold. Pay special attention to heat preservation in winter and spring, and cover the sunshade net in hot summer. Adjust the light intensity according to the needs of flower growth. Ventilation and cooling can control the development of a variety of diseases, while warm and stuffy shed can control the occurrence of low temperature diseases such as downy mildew.

4. Deep ploughing in winter

In the vast areas of our country, especially in the cold areas, flowers cultivated in open field play a significant role in eliminating pests in winter. Deep ploughing in winter can make most of the larvae, pupae and eggs lurking in the soil be frozen to death on the surface, or pecked by beneficial birds, and can also be artificially killed. Deep ploughing can bury the germs and stubble in the shallow soil into the deep soil layer and make it lose its vitality. at the same time, it can also turn the bacteria originally in the deeper soil layer to the ground and increase death due to the influence of other natural factors, such as light, temperature and humidity.

5. Deal with the injured plant

The residual and damaged plants of annual and biennial grass after flowering should be removed immediately or buried deeply in the soil; perennial roots and woody flowers should be removed and destroyed in time after withering or falling leaves in late autumn. This measure can also reduce the number of some germs and pests.

6. Weeding in time

Weeds not only compete with flowers for nutrients, affect ventilation and light transmission, and make plants grow poorly, but also weeds are breeding places for some germs and pests. Some viral diseases and pests often use weeds as hosts. Weeds are also places where some diseases and insects survive the winter. Therefore, timely removal of weeds is of great significance in the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests.

7. Timely pruning

Combined with flower and tree pruning, diseased buds, diseased branches and diseased roots can be cut off to reduce the number of pathogens, and at the same time, oversummer, overwintering eggs, larvae and adults can be eliminated, and the source of insects can be reduced.

8. Adjust the sowing date

The occurrence of many kinds of diseases and insect pests has a certain onset period and pest occurrence period due to the influence of temperature, humidity and other environmental conditions, and it is the most serious in a certain period, such as early or delayed sowing, we can avoid the disease period and occurrence period and reduce the damage. For example, the green chrysanthemum is the most vulnerable to melon damage at the seedling stage. If it can be sowed earlier, the degree of damage can be reduced. Adjusting the sowing or transplanting period has a certain control effect on pests that occur one generation a year, have a single diet and occur neatly.

9. Rational rotation

Continuous cropping with interstained flowers should be avoided as far as possible, so that pathogens and pests in the soil can not get suitable hosts, so as to reduce the number of pathogens and pests.

10. Scientific harvesting and post-harvest management of corms and other organs in the process of excavation, the wound should be reduced as much as possible, and the disease should be removed in time after digging.

The worm's bulb can be used in the cellar only after it has been fully dried. It causes trauma when digging, which is easy to cause all kinds of mold to invade people. Excessive temperature, high humidity and poor ventilation are the important causes of bulb rot in the storage site. Therefore, we should be careful when digging and try to reduce the wound. The storage cellar should be kept clean and hygiene. after entering the cellar, the pit temperature should be controlled at about 5 degrees Celsius and the relative humidity should be controlled below 70%.

11. Pay attention to the rational arrangement of flower species

According to the characteristics of flower species and site conditions, the flowers are arranged reasonably, so that the cultivated flowers are distributed orderly, dense and moderately, get proper space and proper sunlight, and are in the environment of air poplar, which is beneficial to the growth and development of flowers. it is not conducive to the occurrence of pathogens and pests.

12. Select the breeding materials of healthy disease-free insects

The occurrence of flower virus disease is common, and many breeding materials are infected with virus, so virus-free tissue culture seedlings should be used in production. It is best to establish a disease-free field, collect seeds on healthy mother plants or obtain breeding materials.

13. Breeding and cultivation of varieties resistant to diseases and insect pests

The cultivation of disease-resistant varieties and the cultivation of flowers with strong disease resistance can protect flowers from diseases and insect pests or reduce their harm degree. This is one of the important methods to effectively control flower diseases and insect pests.

III. Biological control law

Biological control is the use of natural enemies to control diseases and insect pests. Natural enemies are creatures that feed on pests or pathogens. Under natural conditions, natural enemies do not exist, controlling the harm of diseases and insect pests, especially insect pests. In the maintenance of flowers, we should consciously strengthen the role of natural enemies, such as the pruned branches with insects after a few days before burning, in order to protect parasitic natural enemies in the insect.

IV. Physical and mechanical prevention and treatment

1. Heat treatment of propagating materials

Soaking seeds or other breeding materials in water at a certain temperature can kill surface and internal pathogens and pests, but be sure to master the temperature and treatment time. Too high temperature and too long treatment time will affect the vitality of seeds and other reproductive materials.

2. Soil heat treatment

If possible, the soil can be treated with hot steam to kill germs, nematodes and pests in the soil. Soil heat treatment should be treated before planting, and the heated soil should reach a certain depth, with a soil temperature of 20 cm deep reaching 75 degrees Celsius.

3. Mechanical barrier

Covering agricultural film can not only block the transmission and spread of germs and pests to a certain extent, but also inhibit the formation of spores of Botrytis cinerea and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.

4. Trap and kill insects and nematodes

Use the tendency of insects and nematodes to control pests and nematodes. Such as trapping white whitefly adults with yellow board, killing leaf miner adults with fly trapping paper, and planting trapping plants to trap nematodes, so as to reduce its harm to flowers.

V. Chemical prevention and treatment

Chemical control is chemical control. The utility model has the advantages of good control effect, quick effect, simple use method and so on. But at the same time, it will also pollute the environment and cause drug damage, and germs and pests will develop drug resistance after long-term use. Chemical control is an important part of integrated pest control, but attention should be paid to the scientific use of pesticides.

1. Correct selection of pesticides

Understand the ability of pesticides and the object of protection, and prescribe the right medicine according to the types of diseases and insect pests. For example, the fungicide metalaxyl has a good control effect on downy mildew of all kinds of flowers, but it can not control powdery mildew. The insecticide aldicarb has a good control effect on most financial insects, but it has almost no effect on cotton aphid.

2. Rational selection of dosage forms

Dampness is beneficial to the occurrence of Botrytis cinerea, so the use of Sukeling smoke agent or dust agent has a better control effect on the disease. To control scale, we can apply internal absorption granule and irrigate internal absorption liquid underground to achieve the purpose of underground application to control aboveground pests.

3. Timely use of medicine

It is necessary to fully understand the law of the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, find out the weak links, and use drugs in time. For example, before sowing or transplanting flowers, disinfect the nursery and holding room, treat the soil and seed with chemicals, disinfect agricultural tools and containers such as flowerpots with disinfectants such as formalin. It is the best policy to keep diseases and insects out of the flower bed before doing harm. For example, the elimination of germs and pests on the overwintering host, or in the overwintering stage is a positive approach. For diseases, the favorable time to control is to eliminate the pathogen at the initial stage before it is infected, or before the next spore reproduction and spread. If the drug is applied prematurely, the power of the drug will decompose under the sun, rain and dew, and it will not play its due role; if it is applied too late, the germs will invade people and become "hindsight". To control pests, the drug resistance of different pests or different developmental stages of the same pest should be taken into account. For example, the general pest larvae take the 3rd instar as the dividing line, the drug resistance is poor before the 3rd instar, the drug resistance is significantly increased after the 3rd instar, and the drug resistance of the newly hatched larvae is the lowest. Generally speaking, the resistance of Coleoptera insects to insecticides is egg > pupa > larva > adult, so the favorable period for larval control is generally before the 3rd instar, and adult control is more favorable. However, the control of borer pests is different, generally should be in the peak spawning period.

4. Replacement and mixed use of medicament

Long-term single use of the same pesticide to control diseases and insect pests in the same area may lead to drug resistance in pathogens and pest populations. Therefore, it is advocated that different types of pesticides should be used alternately or mixed reasonably to avoid the emergence of drug resistance.

5. Safe use of drugs to avoid drug damage

Some flowers or some of their growth stages may be sensitive to certain chemicals. In this case, the pesticide should be used with caution. Even if it is not sensitive, it is necessary to strictly control the concentration and dosage, do not increase the concentration and dosage at will, in order to prevent drug damage. If the drug used is a new drug, the concentration and dosage test should be done in a small area first, and only after it is safe can it be used in a larger area. In addition, highly toxic pesticides should be used cautiously, while the use of residual pesticides that seriously pollute the environment and water sources should be restricted or prohibited.

(1) inappropriate dosage.

Too high concentration of pesticide often causes drug damage to flowers, which is the most likely to occur. In order to prevent the occurrence of drug damage, the concentration of the solution should be appropriate. Different pesticides are used on different diseases and insect pests and different kinds of flowers in different seasons, and the concentrations used are different, so they must be prepared strictly according to the concentration specified in the relevant pesticide manual.

(2) different species and varieties of flowers, or flowers of the same variety at different stages of development, have different responses to pesticides.

For example, Bordeaux liquid and other copper-containing fungicides are easy to cause drug damage to peaches and plums; dimethoate emulsions are easy to harm plum blossoms, elm leaves, peaches, peaches and peaches; dichlorvos emulsions are also prone to harm to rhododendron, rhododendron, plum blossoms and so on. The same kind of flowers, generally speaking, young seedlings, tender shoots, tender leaves are easy to produce drug damage. Flowering is more sensitive to chemicals, so spraying during flowering is easy to cause falling flowers and fruits.

(3) the influence of environmental conditions.

The effect of pesticide application at high temperature is good, but if the temperature is too high, it is easy to cause drug damage. For example, the use of stone mixture in summer temperature (more than 30 degrees Celsius), it is very easy to produce drug damage. The effect of humidity on some agents is also obvious, such as arsenic and Bordeaux solution are prone to drug damage under rainy and high humidity conditions. Therefore, the application of medicine should depend on the weather and be used flexibly.

The toxicity of ① to natural enemies after the application of many broad-spectrum pesticides, not only the pests and germs were killed, but also the natural enemies of pests were killed, thus causing the pests to become rampant again. The way to solve it:

Use selective agents. Such as acarate, triclofenac, etc., have no effect on general insect natural enemies (such as ladybugs, aphid flies, predatory mites, Trichogramma, etc.), so using this kind of acaricide to control mites is very safe to natural enemies. Trichlorfon has little toxicity to ladybug, its larvae and eggs, and is safe to parasitoids and cocoon wasps. For example, the lethality of botanical pesticides to natural enemies is mostly small. The application of tobacco water is safe to ladybugs, blind bugs, lacewings, predatory mites, parasitic wasps and so on. Fish rattan essence has little effect on lady beetle adults and parasitic natural enemies.

Choose the appropriate period of application. For example, when parasitic wasps are still in the host, they only kill pests. For example, before the artificial release of natural enemies, the agent with short residual period should be applied, and the natural enemies should be released artificially after the poison effect disappears.

The toxicity of ② to human beings most pesticides have large or small toxicity to human beings and animals, so we must pay attention to the safety of human beings and animals. Before application, on the one hand, we should learn and master the toxicity and matters needing attention of various pesticides, on the other hand, we should do a good job of protection. Do not apply the original medicine or potion to the skin. If you do, rinse immediately with soapy water. Put on a mask when spraying, spray downwind to prevent the liquid from splashing on your face and inhaling poison gas, and do not wipe your eyes when shoving. Wash the tools immediately after use and take good care of them. Wash your hands with soap after each application, just in case. If there are inadvertent symptoms of poisoning, detoxification measures should be taken immediately and sent to the hospital as soon as possible if necessary.

What is the breeding method of cultivating petunia? What are the growth habits and how to prevent the invasion of diseases and insect pests?

Petunia is no stranger to everyone, we generally call it trumpet flower, because the flower shape is very similar to the trumpet. Double ball, white, purple or all kinds of red, very beautiful. Planted at home can be used as a potted plant, gorgeous landscape, pleasing to the eye. Today, I will take you to understand how the petunia is cultivated, what are its growth habits and how to prevent the invasion of diseases and insect pests.

Cultivation techniques:

1. Choose a flowerpot with a diameter of 25 cm and 2 petunia in one pot. It's not good if the basin is too big, and it's not good if it's too small. Seeds are imported coated seeds, sprouting with a seedling box, experiencing pseudo-planting and colonization. Ps: don't save money on buying seeds. The quality of seeds is very important.

2. The soil is recycled every year, and the flowers under zero freeze to death in November (one cannot be raised indoors, one is lack of sunlight, and the other is not ventilated to attract insects). Pour the soil out and mix it with traditional Chinese medicine dregs (there are plenty in this drugstore) and put it in a bag to ferment. Ps: flower friends are not necessarily mixed with Chinese medicine dregs, the author's soil is mainly fertile, so flower friends can use peat and so on.

3. When planting, the soil should also be mixed with sheep dung and chicken dung. There is no need to put chemical fertilizer before flowering. After flowering, it should be watered once a day. Compound fertilizer and diammonium 3-4 grams are put in each watering. With the increase of the amount of flowers, the chemical fertilizer is increased to 5-6 grams and used alternately. Ps: the key point here is to apply fertilizer. You don't have to use chemical fertilizer. Flower fertilizer is also OK. Every flower in a crop depends on fertilizer.

Growth habits:

I like a warm and sunny environment. Not resistant to frost, afraid of rain and waterlogging. The suitable temperature for its growth is 13-18 ℃, and the winter temperature is 4-10 ℃. If the temperature is lower than 4 ℃, the plant growth stops. It can withstand high temperature of more than 35 ℃ in summer. During the peak growth period in summer, sufficient water is needed, especially in the summer high temperature season, it should be watered in the morning and late to keep the basin soil moist. But in the rainy season, Rain Water is very disadvantageous to the growth of petunia, the potted soil is too wet, the stems and leaves are easy to grow, the flowering period is Rain Water, and the flowers are easy to fade or rot.

If the potted soil is stagnant for a long time, the rotten roots will die, so potted petunia should use loose, fertile and well-drained sandy loam. It is a long sunshine plant, which requires sufficient sunshine during the growing period. under normal light conditions, it takes about 100 days from sowing to flowering. When petunia is cultivated in the greenhouse in winter, the stems and leaves grow luxuriantly under the condition of low temperature and short days, but it is difficult to plant flowers. When the spring enters the long-day sunshine, the buds differentiate quickly from the top of the stems and leaves.

Matters to be noted:

From the beginning of pseudo-planting to flowering to constantly pinch (hit the top, pick the heart), do not be distressed and reluctant to pinch, the bouquet is pinched out. Topping and coring can promote branching and increase the number of flowers.

The flowerpot is placed in the guardrail of the windowsill, and when the flower branch grows to a certain extent, it will find a way to bring down the outside and increase the thickness of the flower branch, that is, to increase the amount of flowers. I do not have enough place to come up with a way to come up with a big bouquet if there is enough space. You can't see the outside effect on the inside.

Ice lilac, bel canto purple, bel canto white, pink morning light, these are easy to burst varieties, easier to raise, if the place is more open, the middle two varieties can also produce both sides of the effect, really aggrieved bel canto purple and bel canto white. Generally sowing in the middle of March, if smooth, fake planting in mid-April, planting in mid-May, flowering around June 20 to the end of September.

Pest control:

The main diseases of petunia are seedling quenching disease (controlled by 800-1000 times of chlorothalonil and methyl topiramate), stem rot in growing period, and the main pests are Plutella xylostella, aphids, leaf moth and so on, especially in the flower production of National Day. Aphids generally can not be sprayed with permethrin, which is easy to cause drug damage and affect growth. Fifth, the quality of leaving the nursery. The pot flower produced in winter uses a nutrition bowl of 12 cm caliber, the crown width is generally between 20 cm and 25 cm, the plant shape is neat, full and blossoms consistent, while the pot flower produced in summer uses a 10 cm caliber nutrition bowl with a crown width of 15 cm to 18 cm. Petunia can be transported over long distances. .

That's all we know today about how to raise petunia in pots. I hope it will be helpful for you to read this article. If you want to know more about herbaceous plants, please continue to follow our succulent flower beds. Will provide you with more relevant content!