Cultivation techniques of Chinese lantern fruit

Lantern fruit is an annual herbaceous horticultural crop with high yield and economic benefit, which can be planted all over the country.

Growth cycle of Lantern Fruit

1, germination period: from seed water absorption germination to true leaf dew heart is the germination stage, from sowing to seed germination and growth, reaching more than 80%, about 7 days and 15 days.

2. Seedling stage: after the seedlings emerged, 80% of the plants reached three true leaves, that is, about 20-30 days before the formation of the first calyx. This period is mainly the growth period of roots, stems and leaves. Good measures should be taken in production to cultivate seedlings with strong growth and development, so as to lay a good foundation for high yield, high quality and high yield.

3. Flowering period: the number of days from the first flower to the last flower, the number of days in bloom. 5% of the plants with the earliest first flowers are at the beginning of flowering, with the month and day as the last flowers, and the berries can be fully ripe before the frost as the final flowering stage.

4. fruiting period: the fruiting period can be divided into the initial stage and the final stage. The initial fruiting period, that is, the date when 5% of the plants fall into blossom and sit on the fruit. The final period of fruiting, that is, the date when the flower sits on the fruit at the end of the flowering stage.

5. Ripening period: berry ripening stage, which can be divided into initial ripening stage and final ripening stage. The first ripening stage, that is, the date when the first fruit of 5% of the plants matures. The final ripening period is the date of the last full ripening of the berry. Lantern fruit blossoms and ripens one after another from the bottom up. The fruit of the first flower expands and grows, and the second to fourth flowers bud, blossom and bear fruit one after another.

Requirements of Lantern Fruit on Environmental conditions

1. Temperature: Lantern fruit is warm and not resistant to frost. Seeds germinate rapidly at about 30 ℃, suitable for seedling growth at 20: 25 ℃ and no less than 17 ℃ at night, and 20: 25 ℃ at day and no less than 15 ℃ at night during flowering and fruiting period, otherwise it is easy to cause flower and fruit drop. The growth of plants stopped when the temperature was below 10 ℃. The plants below 0 ℃ were frozen. According to the investigation, the low temperature tolerance of seedlings is not mature, so the reproduction period in the open field should not be too early, but can only be planted after the late frost.

2. Lighting: Lantern fruits are sensitive to light requirements and need sufficient light. In the range of 3000m to 4000m candlelight, the growth and development are coordinated and the fruit quality is good. When the light is insufficient, the plant is only long and thin, the yield decreases, the color of the berry is poor, and the taste is poor. Therefore, attention must be paid to the rationality of planting density and the necessity of sharpening, sprouting and pruning in production.

3. Moisture: Lantern fruit needs more water, especially in the early stage of berry ripening, branches, leaves and fruit grow at the same time, need more water, when a large number of berries mature, need to control water. Therefore, in the life of the lantern fruit, the early stage likes water, the later stage is afraid of water, and there are more Rain Water in the later stage, which leads to greedy green and prosperous growth of the plant, and delays the berry ripening period and affects the harvest work. Therefore, in the production, attention should be paid to watering in the early growth stage and drainage in the later stage.

4. Soil: Lantern fruit is not strict on soil, it can be said that it can be planted in all kinds of soil. But the sandy soil is the best, the berry taste is good, the yield and commodity rate are high. Lantern fruit is more tolerant to salt and alkali, and the soil with PH value of 6.5 to 7.5 is more suitable. In addition, it is required that the soil physical properties are better, the plough layer is deep and loose, and the root system is easy to grow to the deep layer.

5. Nutrition: Lantern fruit has a keen response to nutritional conditions. If there is too much nitrogen fertilizer in the soil layer, or the proportion is out of proportion, it will lead to the phenomenon of green and late ripening, poor fruit quality and so on. If the nutrition is insufficient, the plant is short and the berry is small, but the coloring is fast, the maturity is early, and the yield is low. Therefore, it is necessary to give priority to organic fertilizer and supplement chemical fertilizer in fertilization. Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer is the main fertilizer in the early growth stage, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is the main fertilizer in the later stage, in order to meet the needs of each period.

Seedling raising technique

Lantern fruit is a crop in which vegetative growth and reproductive growth are carried out at the same time. The growth period is about 100 days and the effective accumulated temperature is more than 2600 ℃. To the north of the Yangtze River, the frost-free period is short, the climate in early spring is cold, and there are often frost and snow, cold current and cold wind, so large hotbeds and middle sheds should be used to raise seedlings. Out-of-season cultivation in the south should also raise seedlings in protected areas.

Strong seedling standard: the appearance shows that the root length is about 5 cm, the lateral root is more than 3, the seedling height is 15-18 cm, the stem diameter is 0.4 cm, the number of true leaves is 4-5, and the bud is about 20%. The leaves are dark and shiny, the protective tissue is well formed, and there are no diseases and insect pests. The physiological performance is that the vegetative body is rich in nutrients, there is a lot of bound water, the new ability of meristem is strong, the metabolic level is high, the development of the whole plant is balanced, the adaptability and stress resistance to the cultivation environment are strong, and the seedlings can be slowed down quickly and the growth can be restored after planting.

The main results are as follows: 1. Seedling raising mode: the seedling is mainly raised in plastic greenhouse or middle greenhouse, the seedling bed should be located in the place with high terrain and good drainage, and the plot where eggplant fruit vegetables have not been planted in the previous crop should be selected. The seedling area in greenhouse or middle greenhouse is 80-200 square meters per hectare.

2. Bed soil preparation: field soil free of germs and pests, rich in humus and available nutrients, neutral in chemical reaction, good structure, loose and unconsolidated, without long-term and residual herbicides. The bed soil should be fully turned in the sun, the fertilizer should be fully mature, and the fertile soil should be uniform.

3. Nutrient soil preparation: garden soil: bio-organic fertilizer (special fertilizer for lantern fruit) = 1:1 or 2:1. If the soil is viscous, 10% fine sand can be added, mixed and screened, sterilized and insecticidal with formalin solution, open and cool for 48 hours, accumulate and set aside. The soil of the seeding bed is generally 610cm thick, and the nutrient soil 100~125Kg is needed for each square meter of the seedbed, and the soil of the transplanting bed is generally 1217cm, and the nutritive soil 150~200Kg is needed for each square meter of the seedbed.