Cultivation method of vanilla

Fragrant Cymbidium, also known as freesia, calamus orchid, scissors orchid, etc., is a perennial herbaceous flower of Iridaceae. It is named because of its pure white color and faint fragrance like orchid. It is mainly for viewing. It is cultivated in the open air all over the south and potted in various parts of the north. Potted plants or cut flower branches are often used to bottle and decorate indoors. Let's take a look at the breeding methods of fragrant sherry.

Growth habits of Xiangxue orchid

Xiangxue orchid prefers cool, humid and sunny environment, and its cold tolerance is poor. The suitable temperature for growth is 15: 20 ℃, and the lowest temperature for overwintering is 3: 5 ℃. The large temperature difference between day and night is beneficial to growth and development. The suitable temperature at night is 10: 15 ℃, and the daytime temperature should not exceed 20 ℃, otherwise the growth is poor. Like loose, good drainage, humus-rich soil. Under the condition of short-day sunshine, Xiangxue orchid is beneficial to promote flower bud differentiation, while long sunshine after flower bud differentiation can blossom earlier. The bulbs are usually sown in September, and the flower buds begin to differentiate in early November and complete in late November. the leaves wither gradually after May of the following year, and the corms enter the period of natural dormancy.

The breeding method of Xiangxue orchid

1. Sowing: Vanilla is usually collected in time after the seeds are mature from May to June, otherwise the capsule is cracked, the seeds are lost, and the seeds have no dormancy habits and can be sown immediately after harvest. The optimum temperature for seed germination was 15-20 ℃, and the germination time was about 21 days under dark conditions. When the seedlings had 5-7 leaves, the aboveground parts were withered and yellow, and the underground corms entered the period of high temperature dormancy. After dormancy, the seed balls can be planted and cultivated for 1 year, and then they can be used as flowering mother balls.

2. sub-ball: Xiangxue orchid can generally bear 4-6 seed balls around the cue ball, which can be dug up in the summer dormant period, stored after the ball is separated from the mother ball, and sown in autumn. The bulb cultivated as a cut flower requires a bulb with a stem circumference of more than 8 cm to ensure the quality of the cut flower. The method of cultivating bulbs is to dig up and store them during the summer dormancy period, and they can be planted in flowerpots in early August.

Culture method of Xiangxue orchid

1. Soil: vanilla prefers well-drained, loose and fertile sandy loam or cultivated soil plus 20%-50% humus. Before planting, to carry out soil disinfection, can be treated with methyl bromide 50g / sqm. After application, the rake is smooth, and the seeds can be sown every 5 to 7 days. Pot culture soil can be mixed with rotten leaf soil, pastoral soil, fine river sand and mature organic fertilizer.

2. Planting: the planting time of Xiangxue orchid varies with the planting type and flowers according to the requirements of the city. the common planting period is from September to October and the main florescence is from March to April. The cultivation was promoted from the first and middle of September to the middle and late November, and the cultivation was inhibited from January to March. The general plant spacing is 812 cm, and the planting density is 80,110 plants per square meter. The planting depth should be 1cm from the top of the bulb to the surface, and 2cm from the soil cover.

3. Fertilization: the bulb root of Xiangxue orchid is small, and the storage nutrition is limited, so liquid phosphorus and potassium fertilizer should be added in 2-4 leaves. Organic compost or coarse-grained organic fertilizer should be applied early before planting to improve soil fertility, soil looseness and aeration performance. The base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, and some chemical fertilizers can also be applied properly, but the amount should not be too much to prevent physiological obstacles caused by the increase of salt concentration in the soil. Liquid fertilizer is the main topdressing.

4. Watering: Xiangxue orchid does not need a lot of water at the initial stage of potting, the basin soil should be dry and wet, and it can be watered once a week. By the beginning of February, when budding, the plant will grow rapidly and consume more water, so it is necessary to keep the basin moist. One month after flowering, the water supply should be gradually reduced. Water can be watered once every two days to prevent rotten balls, and the leaves can no longer be watered when the leaves are yellow at the end of February.

5. Temperature: cool environment was needed for root formation and flower bud differentiation. The root system grew best at 15: 18 ℃, the flower bud differentiation was the best at 12: 15 ℃, and the inflorescence grew fastest at 18: 20 ℃. Therefore, the inflorescence development could not be reversed when the initial planting temperature was kept at 15: 18 ℃, 5: 7 leaf stage, 12: 15 ℃ for flower primordium induction, and kept at this temperature for 4-6 weeks. Then heated to 16-17 ℃, the inflorescence elongated rapidly and entered the flowering stage.

6. Light: proper shading should be given during the seedling stage and flowering stage in the cultivation of fragrant blueberry. During the growing period of the first leaf, proper shading can reduce the ground temperature and promote the development of root system. Short-day treatment of about 10 hours before flower bud differentiation is beneficial to promote flower bud differentiation and increase the length of flower stem and the number of flowers and lateral ears on inflorescence. Properly prolonging sunshine after the completion of flower bud differentiation is beneficial to promote the good development of inflorescence and early flowering.

7. Diseases and insect pests: sweet cedar is prone to mosaic disease, ball rot and so on. When planting, the soil and bulbs should be thoroughly disinfected, and the basin soil should be changed thoroughly every year. At the same time, attention should be paid to the control of aphids. 1500 times of omethoate or 90% trichlorfon can be sprayed at the initial stage of aphid occurrence.