Jackfruit's planting techniques

Jackfruit is a tropical tree species that integrates fruit, woody grain and precious timber, otherwise known as wood pineapple, tree pineapple, honey wax gourd and so on. It is an evergreen tree belonging to jackfruit of Moraceae, originated in India and Southeast Asia, and has been introduced into China for nearly a thousand years. Now it is mainly cultivated in Hainan, Guangxi, Guangdong, Taiwan and other places in South China, with high cultivation value. Let's take a look at jackfruit's planting techniques.

Garden site selection

Jackfruit likes the warm and humid tropical climate. Not tolerant to cold, the annual average temperature ≥ 21 ℃, the coldest monthly mean temperature ≥ 13 ℃, and the absolute lowest temperature ≥ 0 ℃ are required. Soil requirements are not strict, in the deep soil layer, fertile loose, well-drained acid soil, slightly alkaline clay or sandy loam soil, can grow normally. It is best to cultivate in low hilly land or flat land below 600 meters above sea level.

Seed propagation

In the main ripening stage of jackfruit, the dried wrapped fruits with full maturity, normal fruit development and free of diseases and insect pests were selected, washed with clean water, then spread flat on the sand bed to accelerate germination, and covered with fine sand 1cm and 2cm, then covered with a layer of straw, and watered once or twice a day. After about a week, they sprouted and rooting one after another, and when the seedlings had 1 or 2 true leaves, they could be transplanted in separate beds.

Budding propagation

Jackfruit seedlings grow to more than 1 cm can be budded, using patch budding method for budding. On the excellent varieties, one-year-old and sunny mature branches are selected as scions, and the scions should be moisturized and stored, preferably with picking and grafting, which can be budded all the year round in Hainan, but the survival rate of bud grafting is higher in the rainy season and tree growing season from April to October. At this time, the rootstock and scion are easy to peel and survive after grafting.

Establishment and planting of garden

The row spacing of pineapple plant is 5cm × 6cm × 6cm, 80 cm × 80 cm × 80 cm planting hole is dug, weeds are placed at the bottom of the hole, 0.5 kg of branches and leaves are mixed with lime, then return to 1 layer of topsoil, 30 kg of pond mud, 30 kg of livestock manure and 0.5 kg of phosphate fertilizer. Jackfruit can be planted all the year round, but spring planting (March-April) and autumn planting (September-November) are the best. When planting, the soil in the planting hole should be sorted out to straighten out the seedling root system, and then pressed into fine soil layer by layer, and the root neck should be flat on the ground. Immediately after planting, pour enough root water and cover the tree plate with plastic film.

adequate manuring

The main results are as follows: 1. young trees: the root distribution of young trees is shallow and narrow, so it is suitable to apply thin fertilizer frequently, and it is better to apply it in the way of water and fertilizer. Generally speaking, one shoot fertilizer and two fertilizers are more reasonable, that is, promoting shoot fertilizer and strong shoot fertilizer. Between before shoot sprouting and a small amount of shoot sprouting, urea was applied 20 grams per time to promote shoot in the first year. Compound fertilizer and potash fertilizer were applied to strengthen the shoots when most of the shoots were 6 cm long and the new leaves at the base of the shoots changed from light green to dark green. In the first year, the plant was applied (20 g of compound fertilizer + 15 g of potassium sulfate), and then increased year by year.

2. Fruiting trees: fruiting trees are usually fertilized 3 times a year. Flower-promoting fertilizer was applied before heading, mainly compound fertilizer, with 1 kg of compound fertilizer, 0.5 kg of potassium sulfate and 5 kg of dung water per plant. Strong fruit fertilizer is applied in the young fruit stage, mainly nitrogen and potassium, in order to promote the rapid expansion of fruit, 5 kg of pig manure water, 0.5 kg of urea, 0.5 kg of compound fertilizer and 0.5 kg of potassium sulfate per plant. The postharvest fertilizer was carried out in October with renewal and pruning, and organic fertilizer should be re-applied to promote the germination of adventitious buds. In order to accumulate nutrients for regeneration of the crown, 15 kg of chicken manure, 0.5 kg of urea, 1 kg of compound fertilizer and 0.5 kg of superphosphate could be applied.

Shaping and pruning

The fruiting part of jackfruit is on the trunk, main branch and small stem branch. In production, the crown height should be controlled and a good round-headed crown should be cultivated. Young trees should mainly cultivate the crown and cooperate with shaping. When the height of the trunk reaches 1 meter, cut short the trunk, promote branches, cut off the cross branches, dense branches and overlapping branches, generally cultivate 3-4 primary branches and the crown height is 3.5 meters. The main method of fruit tree pruning is winter pruning, mainly cutting off withered branches, weak branches, over-dense branches, residual fruit branches and male flower branches. In order to control the crown, individual big branches and long branches should be truncated properly to keep the branches evenly distributed.

Promote flowering and fruiting

After jackfruit planting, if the vegetative growth is too strong and affects flowering and fruiting, ring peeling or ring cutting can be carried out on the trunk or main branch, so that more nutrients can be accumulated on the aboveground branches and promote the flowering and fruiting of the fruiting branches. or carving every 30 cm on the main branch of the trunk can also achieve the effect of promoting flowering and fruiting. In order to stab the cortex without hurting the xylem, there is no need to wipe off the slurry.