Planting techniques of Torreya grandis

Torreya grandis is an excellent variety of Torreya grandis, a rare dry fruit tree species in China, which not only has high cultivation value, but also has good ecological landscape benefits. Hangzhou City has listed Torreya grandis as a dry fruit development as a characteristic advantageous industrial belt. Torreya grandis planting base using more than 2+3 grafting seedlings afforestation, generally the third year can bear fruit, the sixth year can produce dry seeds 1~2 kg, adult trees produce dry seeds about 10 kg, yield per mu can reach more than ten thousand yuan, economic benefits are very considerable. The development of Torreya grandis industry is one of the important ways for mountain farmers to get rid of poverty and become rich.

forestland selection

Torreya grandis ideal afforestation requirements cool, air humidity, light is not too strong, and good drainage of low hills. Acid to neutral sandy loam, purple soil, lime soil and other soils are suitable for planting Torreya grandis, pH value less than 5 soil is not suitable for the development of Torreya grandis, soil with deep fertile, good permeability, low groundwater level is the most suitable. Torreya grandis requires sufficient sunlight after the results, so afforestation above 400 meters above sea level should be selected in sunny slope and semi-sunny slope.

forest land preparation

According to the characteristics of Torreya grandis in need of shade and the need of soil and water conservation, the forest vegetation is preserved to create lateral shade, which is beneficial to the survival and growth of afforestation. Generally, the slope below 15℃ can be fully cultivated, and interplanting of forest and grain is advocated; the slope at 15~30℃ shall be prepared in strips, and terrace vegetation shall be retained, and interplanting of forest and grain shall be allowed; the slope above 30℃ shall be prepared in blocks with fish scale pits, and large holes (80 cm in diameter and more than 50 cm in depth) shall be dug, and vegetation around holes shall be retained.

interplanting under forest

Torreya grandis grows slowly and needs shade in its infancy. It can adopt the three-dimensional management mode of interplanting Torreya grandis under the forest. It can choose suitable deciduous arbor stand and other economic forests to be transformed to interplant Torreya grandis. It is better to pay attention to the canopy density not to be too high and the transmittance above 40%.

planting techniques

1. Apply enough base fertilizer: in the planting hole, apply 10~20 kg of fully decomposed organic fertilizer into each hole, and fill weeds, fallen leaves, turf, etc. in layers without conditions. Tread slightly, the height shall not exceed half of the depth of the hole, and backfill the topsoil around the planting hole, and it shall be about 10 cm higher than the ground level. It can also be refilled twice. Before planting, apply 0.5 kg calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer to each hole and mix well with hole soil.

2, planting density: Torreya grandis economic life is very long, hundreds of years of trees can cover hundreds of square meters, while Torreya grandis very slow growth, taking into account the early economic benefits, the general initial planting density of 4×4 or 4×5 meters, 35-42 trees per mu is appropriate.

3, seedling specifications: requirements of authentic Torreya grandis and clones determined by the excellent clones as afforestation materials. Seedling specifications require "2+3" or more grafted seedlings, and must bring soil balls or container seedlings. The specific requirements of improved seedlings: strong growth, developed roots, more main and lateral roots; height seedlings more than 50 cm; ground diameter more than 1.5 cm; grafted seedlings require more than 3 branches.

4, planting time: early spring (late February to early March) is appropriate; late autumn and early winter (November to February) can also be afforestation, but pay attention to the temperature above 0℃, sufficient water supply.

5, planting method: Torreya grandis seedlings should be shallow planting, soil surface 2~3 cm higher than the root diameter can be, do not graft parts buried in the soil, planting should pay attention to the seedlings to be vertical, roots to stretch, fill half of the seedlings to step on solid, then fill and step on solid, finally covered with empty soil. Shading nets should be used to shade the trees after planting.

6. Pollinating tree configuration: Torreya grandis dioecious, and 3%~5% of male Torreya grandis grafted seedlings must be configured as pollinating trees when afforestation is carried out in areas without male plants. Torreya grandis is pollinated by wind and should be planted at the windward mouth of female Torreya grandis.

tending

One is shade, after 1~3 years of seedling afforestation, set up protective circle around seedling, shade net; the other is intertillage weeding. 1~2 years after afforestation, weeding should be done frequently in the protection circle during the spring and autumn growth season, and vegetation should be preserved as much as possible outside the circle; thirdly, fertilization, organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer (nitrogen fertilizer and compound fertilizer) should be applied to young trees after 2 years old, nitrogen fertilizer 50~100g, compound fertilizer 100~150g, organic fertilizer 5~15kg should be applied to each plant, and chemical fertilizer should not directly contact the root system. Ring groove method was adopted.