Introduction of three common propagation methods of Gladiolus

Gladiolus is a perennial herb belonging to Gladiolus of Iridaceae. It is one of the most famous cut flowers in the world. It is very suitable for decoration because of its bright color and long flowering period. Artificial propagation of Gladiolus can be done by sowing, ramet and tissue culture. The editor will give you a brief introduction to these three propagation methods.

Gladiolus

First, sowing and reproduction

Sowing propagation is mainly used for cross breeding and breeding of new varieties, but it is rarely used in production. Gladiolus seeds have no dormancy period, and the seed life is short, so it should be sowed immediately after harvest, usually in the early and middle of September, using the sowing method. The suitable temperature for germination is 20 ℃, and the seedlings can emerge in 30 days with 25ml and blossom in 2-3 years.

2. Meristem reproduction

This method is often used in production. After the aboveground part of Gladiolus was withered, the bulbs were dug out, the small corms attached to the big corms were removed, graded, fully dried and stored in a ventilated and dry place of 5 Mel 10 ℃. It could be planted by strip sowing in the second year, and it could blossom after being cultivated for 1 mi for 2 years. In addition, the method of cutting the bulb can also be used to reproduce. The big bulb with strong growth should be selected, the outer skin membrane should be removed, and the bulb should be cut into several pieces with a sterilized knife, each with more than one stem bud and part of the stem disk. Smear the cut stem plate with plant ash, charcoal powder or sulfur powder to prevent decay. After drying, the stem buds are planted upward into the culture soil of 10 cm deep, which can generally blossom in the same year, but this method is rarely used now.

III. Tissue culture

Dormant buds, axillary buds and corm cubes can be used as explants for tissue culture.

Introduction to morphological characteristics and Propagation methods of Gladiolus

Gladiolus (Gladioluahybridus) is one of the four cut flowers in the world. Cut flower (cut flowers) usually refers to the general name of flowers, branches, leaves and so on cut from plants. They are the material for flower arrangement, also known as flower material. Used for flower arrangement or making flower bouquets, baskets, wreaths and other flower decorations. The four traditional cut flowers are rose, chrysanthemum, carnation (carnation) and gladiolus (sword orchid). Gladiolus is a common bulb flower at home and abroad, with long flowering period, bright and colorful colors and varied flower patterns. Promoting cultivation can make the flowers bloom for four seasons, coupled with good aquaculture, it is a favorite flower of the broad masses.

The following is the morphological introduction and breeding methods of Gladiolus arranged in the succulent garden.

(1) morphological characteristics and varieties

There are many horticultural varieties all over the world, and there are about hundreds in China at present. Due to long-term repeated hybridization and mixed varieties, it is difficult to induce and classify. At present, there are two classification methods: one is classified according to florescence, there are spring flowers and summer flowers, and there are early flowers, middle flowers and late flowers in summer flowers. The other is classified according to petal shape and color.

(2) Ecological habits

Most of the original species of Gladiolus are found in South Africa, and only a few dozens of species are found along the Mediterranean coast and West Asia. At present, the cultivated varieties are all over the world, and it is also one of the main cut flowers in China. It likes warmth, is not resistant to cold and heat, and its suitable temperature for growth is 20 ℃ ~ 25 ℃. The corm can sprout in the soil temperature above 5C. It is a typical long sunshine plant, long sunshine is beneficial to flower bud differentiation, lack of light will reduce the number of flowers, but after flower bud differentiation, short day sunshine is beneficial to the formation of flower buds and early flowering. The bulbs of summer flowers must be stored indoors for the winter, and the room temperature should not be lower than O ℃. Gladiolus requires deep and fertile slightly acidic sandy loam with a PH value of no more than 7; especially like fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer can improve the quality of flowers, and potassium fertilizer can improve the quality of corms and the number of bulbs.

(3) methods of reproduction

It is mainly propagated by dividing balls, and seeds are used in cross breeding.

After the bulb propagation is planted with a larger bulb, it can grow into more than 2 new balls, and many bulbs can be produced under the new bulb, all of which can be used as breeding materials. According to the size of the bulb, it can be divided into four levels: first, more than 6cm in diameter, called big ball; about 4cm, second-class, called middle ball; 2.5cm, third-grade, called small ball; 1cm, which is called sub-ball, belongs to fourth-grade, and propagates with sub-ball, which takes 3 to 4 years to bloom.

The middle ball and the big ball adopt the trenching point planting method, the groove depth is about 3 times of the ball diameter, and the plant distance is flexibly controlled according to the ball diameter. The small ball adopts the trench sowing method, and the sub-ball mostly uses the direct sowing method. It is necessary to apply sufficient basic fertilizer before planting, but it should be noted that the fertilizer should not be in direct contact with the corm, pay attention to water management after sowing, and do not dry or water before emergence. In order to increase the yield of fresh cut flowers per unit area, the row spacing should be reduced as much as possible without affecting the picking of flowers.

The bulbs used for cut flowers are preferably new bulbs obtained after 1 or 2 years of planting. The corm cultivation obtained from the growth of flowering bulbs in successive years will cause yellowing and withering of stems and leaves, shorter spikes, smaller flowers, dim petals, and a decline in the quality and yield of cut flowers, which is called degradation. There are many reasons for the degradation, which are generally believed to be caused by high temperature and dryness in summer, poor growth or virus disease, and some think that the growth period is not long enough, insufficient nutrition accumulation, poor storage conditions of corm dormancy and so on.

Most of the bulbs specializing in cut flower production are purchased from areas where the climate and geographical environment are suitable for the growth and development of Gladiolus. The quality of this kind of bulb is good, the variety is good, but the cost is high, so we should set up our own bulb nursery to reduce the production cost.

The efficacy and function of Gladiolus in the whole Gladiolus

Gladiolus has a wide variety and rich colors, which is indispensable for weddings and banquets. What are the breeding methods of Gladiolus? What is the effect and effect? Next, let's take a look at the breeding methods of Gladiolus and the efficacy and effect of Gladiolus.

I. Propagation methods of Gladiolus

The main results are as follows: 1. Bulb reproduction: the smaller the bulb, the more it can maintain the genetic characteristics of the variety, but the cultivation life is longer. The bulb is bigger because it has the ability of flowering, the nutrient consumption is too large, and the quality of producing commercial ball is not good. Therefore, it is best to breed commercial balls with neutron balls in cultivation. The middle ball and the big ball adopt the trenching point planting method, the groove depth is about 3 times of the ball diameter, and the plant distance is flexibly controlled according to the ball diameter. The small ball adopts the trench sowing method, and the sub-ball mostly uses the direct sowing method. It is necessary to apply sufficient basic fertilizer before planting, but it should be noted that the fertilizer should not be in direct contact with the corm, pay attention to water management after sowing, and do not dry or water before emergence.

2. Cutting ball propagation: for some rare varieties, in order to rapidly expand the reproduction coefficient, full commercial balls can be cut into 2-4 pieces, and each piece must be guaranteed to have part of the root disc and complete buds for seed ball reproduction. To prevent the bulb from rotting, the section should be smeared with charcoal powder or plant ash and planted immediately.

3. Tissue culture propagation: tissue culture propagation can renew and rejuvenate conventional cultivated varieties, because of the long-term asexual reproduction of Gladiolus, the phenomenon of variety mixing and degradation is quite serious, so tissue culture must be carried out regularly to detoxify and rejuvenate. Both petals and lateral buds can be used as explants. After disinfection and inoculation, the seedlings can be cultured under the condition of 25 ℃ and 2000 L, and the seedlings can be obtained by induction, subculture and rooting culture.

II. Efficacy and function of Gladiolus

1. The gladiolus bulb can be used as medicine, which has excellent medicinal efficacy, and has the effect of reducing swelling and pain on the injury of human beings. after the injury, people can mash the gladiolus corm directly, apply it directly to the injured site, and change the dressing once a day. It can quickly eliminate the swelling and pain.

2. The stems and leaves of Gladiolus contain a lot of vitamin C, which can be made into vitamin tablets and other health products for human consumption after extraction and processing by modern technology.

3. Gladiolus is also an important raw material for making cut flowers or flower beds. This plant has a beautiful appearance and is now gorgeous and generous when it blossoms. It is the most common and most popular characteristic flower in all parts of the country.

4. Gladiolus can be made into separate planting and breeding, and it is also a good gift for relatives and friends. The flower language of this plant is love, heart, Corning and longevity. It is suitable for giving to different people, and it can absorb a lot of carbon dioxide when placed at home. It plays an obvious role in beautifying the environment and purifying the environment.

The above is the method of gladiolus reproduction and the introduction of the efficacy and function of gladiolus. You can choose your favorite variety to breed.