Plum planting technique

Plum, also known as Qingmei, is a tree of Borneaceae with a height of 30m and a DBH of 1.2m. The bark is bluish gray. Young branches and young leaves densely covered with stellate hairs. Cymes panicles with small white flowers. Fruit subglobose, with 2 long and 3 short wings enlarged by sepals. It is mainly distributed in Zhaoan, Fujian, Puning, Hainan, Taiwan, southeast Anhui, Xuancheng, Guangde County, Tongxi Township, Song Chen Village and Baitai formation. Born on the beach at an altitude of 3-4m to the barren hillside at an altitude of 900m, it is more common at an altitude of 200-500m. Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and the Philippines are also distributed. The national tertiary protection is becoming more and more endangered. The main varieties of plums are green bamboo plum (green plum), white plum, soft branch big grain plum and so on.

Site condition

1800m-2550m above sea level is suitable for the growth of fruit plum. In this range, the plots with good soil conditions, deep soil layer, fertile soil, convenient transportation and good irrigation conditions should be selected to avoid planting in the plots with low humidity and poor drainage.

Seedling requirements

The cultivation of plum seedlings requires pure varieties, which are made by grafting superior ear strips and plum rootstocks, with strong seedlings, full shoots and axillary buds, seedling height above 80cm, thick rhizomes above 0.8cm, complete main and lateral roots, many whisker roots, no diseases and insect pests and strong stress resistance.

Planting time

Generally, fruit plum is suitable to be planted in spring, autumn or rainy season. According to the actual climatic conditions of Eryuan, it is suitable to be planted in the rainy season from July to August.

Planting measures

The main results are as follows: 1. Planting density: for flat land or gentle slope with good soil conditions, the plant row spacing of 4m × 4m is adopted, 42 plants per mu are planted. For sloping land, in order to increase the early yield, the planned dense planting can be carried out and the plant row spacing of 3m × 4m is adopted. 55 plants per mu.

2. Planting pit preparation: according to the standardized planting requirements, it is necessary to draw the wire and fix the point, that is, according to the set plant row distance, the fixed point, horizontal and straight line, the planting pit specification requires 80cm × 80cm × 80cm, when the planting pit is dug, the topsoil and subsoil are placed separately, 25-30kg is applied to each pond during backfilling, and the soil fertilizer is mixed and backfilled to about 35cm, and then the cooked soil (topsoil) is facing down, the raw soil (subsoil) is facing up, and the backfilling is high above the ground 20cm-30cm. And make a round tree plate.

3. Planting method: first, after determining the central position of the planting pit as the planting point, dig a hole with deep 30cm and wide 40cm. Secondly, after unwrapping the selected grafted seedlings, the seedlings were placed upright in the planting hole, so that the roots were evenly distributed in the holes, the soil was gently cultivated in the roots, and the seedlings were gently raised after mulching, so that the roots were extended and fully contacted with the soil, while filling the soil, the grafting interface was exposed 5-10cm, the tree disk was higher than the ground 20cm, and the roots were covered with plastic film. If there are dead seedlings within a month, they should be replenished in time.

Hustle and bustle management

1. Expanding holes to improve soil

That is, to improve the soil outside the planting pit. It is generally carried out when applying base fertilizer in the autumn of the following year, after digging a hole at the edge of the crown, the base fertilizer accounts for 70% of the amount of fertilizer applied in the whole year, and fertilizes to the outer hole with the expansion of the crown year by year, in order to achieve the effect of deep soil ripening.

2. Ploughing management

Intertillage management mainly includes soil cultivation and root protection, intertillage and weeding. The root system of causal plum is shallow and the leaves fall early. Attention should be paid to turning the mature soil deeply and introducing the root into the soil to thicken the root soil layer, prevent sunburn and conserve water. Generally, the soil is fertilized in combination with deep ploughing and loosening in autumn, and weeding is carried out timely according to the local climate and the number of soil weeds, so as to keep the soil loose and grass-free in the tree plate.

3. Reasonable intercropping

Within 3 years after planting, short stalk crops such as vegetables and beans or green manure can be planted between rows to support the garden.

Fertilizer and water management

1. Fertilization of plum trees

The fertilization of plum trees includes base fertilizer, pre-flowering fertilizer, post-anthesis fertilizer, strong fruit fertilizer and postharvest fertilizer.

The main results are as follows: (1) Base fertilizer is generally applied in autumn every year, and in August at the latest, in order to facilitate root absorption. Fertilization accounts for 60% of the total amount of fertilizer applied throughout the year, mainly farm manure, general plant application of 50kg, and combined application of phosphate fertilizer 1kg, nitrogen fertilizer 0.5kg, young trees can be reduced.

(2) the pre-flowering fertilizer was applied in the flower bud expansion stage, generally from November to December, the young trees were applied nitrogen fertilizer 0.25kg, potassium sulfate 0.25kg, rotten cake fertilizer 1kg, and the fruiting trees were applied nitrogen fertilizer 1kg, potassium fertilizer 1kg, and mature cake fertilizer 1.5kg. At the same time, the proportion of fertilization was adjusted according to the fruit amount of the current year.

(3) Post-anthesis fertilizer: for plum trees with weak tree potential and large amount of flowers, it is not necessary to apply plum trees with sufficient base fertilizer and strong tree potential, and the fertilizer is mainly available nitrogen fertilizer.