Cultivation techniques of peach

Peach fruit is rich in nutrition, sweet and juicy pulp, and has a special flavor, which is loved by urban and rural people. Peach trees have the characteristics of early fruiting, early high yield, early income and easy cultivation, so they are suitable to be planted in the north and south of our country, so they are widely distributed.

Establishment of Taoyuan

1. Garden selection: peach should choose sandy loam with good drainage and loose soil, and the south slope is the best, but continuous cropping is avoided, that is, peach trees can no longer be planted on the land where peach trees have been planted.

2. Soil improvement before planting: the soil must be deeply turned before planting peaches, and the sloping land should be changed into terraces to thicken the soil layer, and then the planting holes or planting ditches should be dug according to the row spacing. The depth and width of the holes should be 2.5 meters, and each hole should be pressed with at least 100 jin of slag fertilizer and divided into 4 layers, so as to achieve the purpose of loosening and breathable air and improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil. The flat dam and clayey soil should also be improved and cultivated in deep trenches and towers with a drainage depth of more than 2.5 feet. Inside the box, according to the strip ditch to improve the soil, ditch depth 80CM, ditch width 70CM, divided into three layers into garbage, slag fertilizer.

3. Planting period: both spring and autumn can be planted, but autumn planting is the best, autumn planting temperature is high, Rain Water is more, it is easy to recover after root damage, squatting time can be reduced in the coming year, sprouting is neat, and planting is appropriate from October to December.

4. Planting density: generally, it should be determined according to variety characteristics, topography, soil conditions, shaping methods and cultivation methods. The varieties with strong tree potential can be planted sparsely, and the varieties with weak tree potential can be planted more densely; the cultivation distance in flat land is larger than that in mountainous area; the cultivation distance in fertile soil is larger than that in barren land; the planting density in planned dense plantation is higher than that in fixed plantation; and the planting density of "Y" shape shaping is higher than that of happy shaping. Generally, the row spacing is 3 × 4 m 2 or 3 × 3 m 2, and 56 or 74 plants are planted per mu.

5. Planting: prune the injured root and the oversized main root before planting, then straighten the plant, stretch the root system, cover the soil 5-10CM, use your feet, cultivate the soil ridge around the seedling to make a disc, then pour through water, and cover a layer of fine soil after underwater infiltration, which can also cover a layer of grass, which can reduce water evaporation and is beneficial to survival.

Soil fertilizer and water management

1. Soil management

① intercropping: young garden, growing vegetables in summer and green manure in winter, which can not only increase orchard income, but also improve soil fertility, non-intercropping in adult garden.

② summer ploughing, loosening soil and weeding

③ can improve soil physical and chemical properties by deeply expanding holes and applying more organic fertilizer in autumn and winter.

2. Fertilizer and water management

Fertilizer and water management of peach trees in the first year after ① planting: the first year after planting is the key to the growth of peach trees. "light fertilizer" should be applied frequently in fertilizer and water management, applying fertilizer every half month from March to June, a total of 8 times, the first 6 times is one load of clear fecal water plus 2 diuretics, 4 trees are applied to promote more branches and leaves, rapid formation, and the last 2 times is a load of fecal water plus potassium dihydrogen diphosphate to promote branch ripening and flower bud differentiation.

Fertilizer and water management in the second year and after ② planting: peach trees are more resistant to barren than oranges and apples, but fertilizer should be applied at least three times a year after putting into production.

◆ sprouting fertilizer: the amount of fertilizer should account for 10% of the total amount of fertilizer applied throughout the year, and irrigation should be given priority to. Most parts of Sichuan are dry in winter and spring, and peach roots have no absolute dormancy period. They need more water to sprout in early spring. Trees with normal growth and full flower buds should mainly be irrigated. Weak trees can appropriately apply a little more available nitrogen fertilizer to promote the growth of weak trees. Fertilization time is from late January to the first and middle of February.

◆ strong fruit fertilizer: after May 10, before the young fruit stops shedding, that is, before nuclear hardening. This fertilizer should be based on potash fertilizer, promote fruit expansion, promote flower bud differentiation, enrich new shoots, early-maturing species do not apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, middle-maturing and late-maturing species apply 40% potassium, 20% nitrogen 15 min, 30% phosphorus 20%. Those with strong trees and few hanging fruits can not be fertilized.

◆ fruit picking fertilizer: generally applied before and after fruit harvest, its purpose is to restore tree potential in time, promote the activity of leaf function, enhance assimilation, increase the accumulation of nutrients, improve the quantity and quality of flower bud differentiation, and improve the cold resistance of peach trees in winter. In general, early and medium-maturing varieties should be applied in time after harvest, and late-maturing varieties should be applied before harvest. The amount of fertilizer should account for 50% of the total amount of fertilizer applied throughout the year. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be applied together, and the fertilization ratio is nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium = 10.5 Zaze 1.

◆ autumn application of basic fertilizer: from October to December, mainly rotten organic fertilizer, generally according to the principle of one jin of fruit and one jin of fertilizer.

◆ extra-root topdressing: spraying boron fertilizer at the early flowering stage and young fruit stage can increase the fruit setting rate, spraying phosphorus and potassium fertilizer during fruit expansion can promote fruit development, reduce fruit drop before harvest, and spraying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer after fruit harvest can protect leaves, postpone defoliation and promote flower bud differentiation. The concentration of various fertilizers sprayed, borax or boric acid 0.1 MUE 0.3%, urea 0.3 MUE 0.4%, potassium sulfate 0.3 MUE 0.5%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.2 MUE 0.3%, zinc sulfate 0.3%.

3. Fertilization methods: soil fertilization methods include ring fertilizer method, ditch fertilizer method and hole application method, young trees use ring fertilizer method, large area adult trees use groove fertilizer method, and mountain area use hole fertilizer method. Fertilizer holes are usually dug on the tree crown dripping line.

Peach tree shaping

1. Principles of plastic surgery

The big branches of ① should be small and strong, while the twigs should be many and even.

② maintains row spacing so that dense plants do not travel closely, forming a wavy group structure, expanding the light surface and strengthening air convection.