Hawthorn planting technique

Hawthorn, alias red fruit, sour plum and so on. The fruit is used in medicine, which has the function of eliminating food and resolving accumulation, dispersing blood stasis and relieving pain. It mainly treats meat stagnation, dyspepsia, infantile dysentery, bacillary dysentery, enteritis, postpartum abdominal pain, dysmenorrhea, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, coronary heart disease, taeniasis and so on. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that Hawthorn has anti-aging and anti-cancer effects. The main producing areas are Jilin, Liaoning, Heilongjiang, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Shandong, Henan, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Sichuan, Yunnan and other provinces and regions.

Morphological characteristics

It is a deciduous shrub of Rosaceae, about 1-1.5 m high; the branches often have needles 5-8 mm long, the twigs are pilose, the old branches are glabrous. Leaves alternate, stipulate, leaf blade papery with leathery, broadly Obovate or oblong-Obovate, 3-7-lobed, initially sparsely pilose below, later becoming bald; petiole winged, 4-15 mm long. Flowers open in summer, white, ca. 1.5 cm in diam., arranged in terminal corymbose inflorescences, total pedicels and pedicels pilose; petals suborbicular or slightly flattened; pistil many-branched, filaments United at base. The pear fruit is globose or oblate, 1.5 cm in diameter, red or yellow, with reflexed persistent calyx lobes at the top, containing 4 or 5 smooth nuclei.

Growth habit

Hawthorn likes cool and moist environment. Resistant to cold, can withstand the low temperature of-36 ℃. Heat-resistant, can withstand high temperature of 43 ℃. The requirement of soil is not strict, but it is better to have deep soil layer, loose and fertile neutral or slightly acidic soil. Low-lying land, saline-alkali land, heavy clay, not suitable for planting.

Soil preparation and fertilization

Select high-lying, well-drained fields and cultivate them carefully. Combined with soil preparation, apply sufficient basic fertilizer: 3000 kg of soil miscellaneous fertilizer, 20 kg of urea and 50 kg of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer per mu. And make 1.3 wide high beds, waiting to be planted.

Hawthorn planting

Hawthorn is propagated by seeds, and grafted seedlings are often used in production. To increase production. The sowing time is spring sowing and autumn sowing.

1. Sowing: treat the seeds before sowing; soak the Hawthorn seeds in 10% sodium carbonate solution for 24 hours after exposure for 3 to 4 days, remove and wash them, then expose them for 2 to 3 days, then soak them with fresh human urine for 3 to 4 days, rinse with clean water for 3 to 5 hours, and when most of the seed coat is cracked, the seeds can be evenly sprinkled on the finished border surface according to the row spacing of 30 cm. The sowing rate is 100 kg per mu. After Hawthorn seedlings, strengthen the field management, after autumn can be grafted.

2. Grafting: Hawthorn seedlings were grafted by bud grafting and panicle grafting before germination in autumn or spring of the next year. After the grafting survived and cultivated for one year, it can be transplanted.

3. Transplanting: from defoliation in winter to germination in early spring, the grafted seedlings were planted on the finished border surface according to the row spacing of 4 × 3 meters (55 plants / mu), and watered to preserve soil moisture in order to survive.

Field management

Hawthorn seedlings or transplanting after survival, should pay attention to ploughing and weeding. Water immediately in dry weather. Attention should be paid to drainage in cloudy and rainy weather. Topdressing once a year in spring, 10 kg of urea and 5 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate each time. Sprinkle a layer of soil fertilizer every winter. Before and after flowering, 50ppm gibberellin solution was sprayed at the full fruit stage to prevent falling flowers and fruits. In addition, in order to achieve the goal of high yield, the Hawthorn tree must be pruned: the tree type must be changed into an open and layered high-yield tree type.

Pest control

The main disease of Hawthorn is powdery mildew, which can be controlled by strychnine at the initial stage of the disease. For blight, comprehensive control measures can be adopted: 1. During soil preparation, 2.5 kilograms of 70% pentachloronitrobenzene per mu were applied to the soil for soil disinfection. two。 In the early stage of the disease, the pest was mainly harmed by longicorn beetle larvae when it was sprayed with 1000 times of dioxon. Phoxim and pyrethroid pesticides can be injected into the tree hole to kill.

Harvest and processing

Hawthorn is generally after autumn, and the fruit can be picked after it turns red and ripe. The picked Hawthorn fruit can be dried or dried, which can be sold as medicine. Hawthorn generally bear fruit for 3 ~ 4 years, and enter the full fruit period before and after 10 years. The yield of 50 ~ 70-year-old trees can reach 100 kg, and the yield of big trees can reach 300 kg.