Efficient planting techniques of walnut

Cultivation of walnut seedlings

In order to ensure the seedling quality of afforestation in walnut base and avoid the quality variation caused by local walnut seedling growth, the grafting technique of efficient and rapid propagation was adopted to cultivate walnut grafted seedlings, that is, one-year-old iron walnut seedlings were used for rootstock or rootstock grafting to cultivate walnut grafted seedlings.

The main results are as follows: 1. It can maintain the excellent characters of the mother and accelerate the improvement of walnut varieties.

2. It can significantly increase the yield and improve the quality.

3. It can dwarf the plant and hang fruit early.

4. The germplasm resources of iron walnut can be fully utilized.

Planting of walnut

The planting of walnut starts from the selection of planting land, flat land, platform land and gentle slope land are selected as walnut planting base, and comprehensive or block soil preparation is carried out. planting to achieve large root sparse holes, close connection of root soil, pond soil full, irrigated enough water, heat preservation and moisture, adequate nutrients, in order to ensure the survival of walnut planting, which is conducive to the rapid growth of walnut trees. In order to master the feasible walnut planting technology, the forestry department has gained very good experience after years of exploration, which is referred to as the "six ones" technology of walnut planting, that is, "select a good land, hit a big pond, put a load of agricultural fertilizer, plant a strong seedling, pour a clear water, and cover a piece of plastic film."

1. Parcel selection

The relatively concentrated land such as flat land, platform land and gentle slope land with loose soil and good drainage are selected as walnut planting base, which grows best on slightly alkaline soil containing calcium. Walnut is a deep-rooted tree species, and the root system needs a deep soil layer of more than 1m to maintain its good growth and development. if the soil layer is too thin, it is easy to form "little old man trees" or withered shoots for years, which can not form yield.

2. Land preparation and planting

Seedling planting is an important basic work for the establishment of walnut base, and each planting link must be grasped to improve the survival rate and planting effect.

① soil preparation: the determination of planting ponds in advance is beneficial to soil ripening and the increase of moisture in planting ponds. The setting of planting ponds can be advanced to summer. The length × width × depth of the pond is 100 cm × 100 cm × (80 mi 100) cm. After the pond is finished, it should be backfilled in the form of one layer of topsoil and one layer of leaf weeds (or organic fertilizer) until it is close to the height of the surface and has a slight groove to facilitate stagnant water. The backfilled pond is kept until it is planted. Where there are no conditions for digging ponds in advance in summer, you can also plant them now before planting. The pond is 100 centimeters long and 100 centimeters wide and 80 centimeters deep. When digging, pile the topsoil and core soil (stone) in the pond separately. If the soil is heavy or the lower layer is gravel and impervious layer, the planting pond should be enlarged and deepened, and guest soil should be used for improvement. When returning to the pond, each pond should be filled with 50 kg farm manure (stable manure, green manure, compost, etc.) and 1 kg calcium or 1.5 kg calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer mixed with topsoil. The lack of farm fertilizer can be replaced by leaves, weeds, turf soil, organic waste and so on. The position of the pond is generally arranged horizontally, that is, each row is on the same horizontal plane.

② planting season: as the saying goes, "planting trees early, do not give spring dawn." The time of planting walnut should be after the seedlings enter dormancy in late autumn or before the seedlings germinate in late winter and early spring, that is, from the ninth month of the lunar calendar to the first month of the following year. It is not suitable to plant in the peak period of summer production.

③ planting method: the planting method of walnut is generally determined according to the mountain topography and topography. If the mountain is gentle and the slope is small, it can be planted according to rectangle; if the slope is large and the platform is narrow, it is appropriate to use triangle.

The planting density of ④ should be 16 plants per mu. The row spacing of plants in flat land is 7m × 8m or 6m × 9m, about 12 plants per mu, and the row spacing of plants in sloping land is 6m × 7.5m or 6m × 7m, and 16 plants per mu. Usually, the intercropping effect between walnut planting land and crops is better, ploughing instead of caressing, short raising and growing, so that high yield and high quality can be obtained.

3. Planting technology

Planting techniques can be summarized as "alignment, orientation, upright, burying soil, light lifting, stepping on solid, making plate, watering, covering film" 18-character formula.

① alignment: when planting, put the seedlings in the middle of the prepared pond, front and back, left and right.

② direction: set the seedlings in the direction before transplanting.

③ upright: straighten the seedlings and let the roots spread out in all directions.

④ buried soil: nutritious soil covered with mixed fertilizer.

⑤ light lift: after all the roots are buried, gently lift the seedlings to make the roots stretch and closely combine with the fine soil, and then gradually fill the soil. After the soil sinks, it is appropriate for the seedlings to be buried in the original nursery.

⑥ compaction: in the process of filling, step on it while filling, fill a layer of soil and tread again, until the soil is 5ml / 10cm above the surface.

⑦ plate: build a circular ridge around the pond.

⑧ watering: irrigate enough fixed root water, 50ml 80kg per plant.

⑨ mulching film: each plant is covered with a 1m × 1m agricultural plastic film. The center of the film is cut into a small hole with a diameter of about 6cm, and the seedling rod passes through it. After landing, the small hole is covered with fine soil and should be buried under the surface soil.

Management of walnut

The management of walnut refers to a series of management work, such as watering and fertilization, shaping and pruning, loosening soil and weeding and so on.

1. Water management

In the dry season of walnut planting, it is necessary to supplement watering 25kg for 3 times, each time, and irrigate 1 Mel twice a year before the walnut blossoms under suitable conditions. Walnut trees are sensitive to surface water and high groundwater level, so they should be drained in time. In areas with high groundwater level, deep trenches can be dug to lower the water level. According to the growth depth of walnut root system, a drainage ditch with a depth of about 2m can be dug to make the groundwater level drop below 1.5m below the surface. In low-lying areas prone to stagnant water, drainage ditches can be dug around to prevent the inflow of external water and eliminate stagnant water on the surface.