How to raise potted cyclamen?

Cyclamen is a kind of widely cultivated flowers, also known as rabbit ear flower, rabbit flower, crown and so on. Cyclamen is a perennial herb of Primulaceae. Some cultivated species have strong aroma, while some are light or non-fragrant, suitable for indoor flowerpots and greenhouse planting in winter. Let's take a look at how to grow cyclamen in pots.

Growth habits of cyclamen

Cyclamen is warm and afraid of heat and grows best in a cool environment and in a fertile sandy loam rich in humus. More cold-resistant, can withstand 0 ℃ of low temperature will not be frozen. The growth season is from autumn to spring in the second year. The growth temperature is semi-dormant in summer, and the suitable growth temperature in winter is between 12-16 ℃. The promotion of flowering should not exceed 18-22 ℃. Plants above 0 ℃ will enter dormancy. Plants above 35 ℃ are easy to rot and die, and can tolerate low temperature in winter, but grow slowly below 5 ℃, with dim flower color and few flowering. Carbon dioxide supplementation in winter can promote growth and flowering. During the growing period, an environment with moist air and plenty of sunshine is required.

The breeding method of cyclamen

1. Sowing: cyclamen seeds can only be obtained after artificial pollination. The seeds generally mature in May and should be harvested in time. In order to promote seed germination, seeds can be soaked before sowing, soaked in cold water for 24 hours or 30 ℃ in warm water for 2 hours or 3 hours, then wash the adhesion on the seed surface, wrap it in a wet cloth to accelerate germination, keep the temperature 25 ℃ for 1 to 2 days, and sow seeds after a little germination. Sowing time is generally from September to October, sowing seeds in ordinary flowerpots.

2. Tubers: cyclamen tubers can not divide bulbs naturally, so they can not reproduce bulbs like ordinary bulb flowers, but need to be artificially cut into pieces. Generally speaking, when the tuber is about to germinate in late August, the tuber is divided longitudinally from the top into several pieces, each with a bud eye, and the incision is coated with plant ash and dried slightly, then it can be planted in the flowerpot, carefully managed, and the leaves can spread out and blossom soon.

3. Tissue culture: cyclamen tissue culture can use stamens, tubers, leaves and young stems as explants, which are generally collected from one-or two-year-old young plants, in which tubers are the most likely to induce seedlings. Using tuber as explant, we can choose MS medium, MS+3 mg / L 6-BA+1 mg / L NAA as induction medium, 1/2MS+0.3 mg / L NAA as rooting medium and MS+3 mg / L 6-BA+0.4 mg / L NAA as subculture medium.

How to raise potted cyclamen?

1. Potted soil: cyclamen requires fertile, slightly acidic soil with smooth drainage. If the soil is not managed or managed scientifically for a long time, cyclamen will grow poorly, blossom less, lose its color, and reduce or lose its ornamental value. It is better to plant with loose and fertile nutritious soil. Once every 10 days or so, organic fertilizers such as rotting heat and thin human and animal feces and urine are applied, and after budding, 0.1% potassium dihydrogen sulfate is applied twice.

2. Temperature: the most suitable temperature for cyclamen growth is about 15 ℃. The optimum temperature for growth and flower bud differentiation is 15: 20 ℃, and the humidity is 70: 75%. The winter flowering temperature should not be lower than 10 ℃. If the temperature is too low, the flower color will be dim and easy to wither. If the summer temperature reaches 28-30 ℃, the plant will dormancy. When the temperature is above 30 ℃, cyclamen leaves will yellowing and shedding, flowers will fade and have no ornamental value. If it reaches more than 35 ℃, the tuber is easy to rot.

3. Watering: when cyclamen enters dormancy in summer, it is necessary to reduce the watering of dormant bulbs, pour enough water after pots and discs in autumn, and gradually increase fertilizer and water, keep the soil moist, and reduce water in winter. Do not make water on flower buds and tender leaves when watering, so as not to rot and affect flowering. The watering time should be 10: 00 am, 00: 00 a.m. and 12: 00 a.m., and the water temperature and substrate temperature should be as close as possible.

4. Fertilization: cyclamen is also a fertilizer-loving plant. Apply 2 ‰ potassium dihydrogen phosphate once in spring and autumn every year. Do not apply high nitrogen fertilizer. Fertilizer during the growing period should generally be applied with thin fertilizer, liquid fertilizer must be fully rotten and fermented, and fertilization should be carried out on a sunny day. Stop or apply less from June to August, after late August, the weather is getting cooler and the growth is prosperous. Fertilizers can be applied every 7 to 10 days, and more phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied to promote flowering and flourishing in the future. attention should be paid to prevent the fertilizer liquid from flooding the bulb so as not to cause rot.

5, lighting: cyclamen should be placed in windows, balconies and other places with sufficient light, and often change the position of flowerpots. Plenty of light can make the flowers more beautiful and the leaves more shiny. Although cyclamen belongs to the shade-tolerant Primulaceae, it is easy to yellowing leaves due to lack of light for a long time.

6. Diseases and insect pests

① Botrytis cinerea: the lesion has a small spot with a diameter of 1mm to 2mm, then gradually expands and shows brown rot. When the petiole or flower stalk is infected, the leaf or flower folds upside down, and there is a gray mildew layer in the lesion, which turns into a yellowish mildew layer, which is caused by high humidity and poor ventilation. The first is timely ventilation to reduce air humidity, the second is to remove diseased leaves in time to reduce the source of infection, and the third is to spray Dysen zinc, carbendazim and other broad-spectrum fungicides.

② soft rot disease: soft rot disease is mostly caused by bacterial infection, the disease site shows softening rot, the occurrence site is more common in the corm. Mainly matrix disinfection is not complete or no disinfection, high temperature or high humidity is easy to occur. Control methods can be sprayed with agricultural streptomycin or carbendazim and so on.