Corn planting technology

Corn, the largest food crop in China, is a C-4 plant in biology, but the bracts use C3 model for photosynthesis, monoecious. The main producing area is located in the third largest corn belt in the world-the Songliao Plain Corn Belt in China. The total planting area of corn is about 1249.35 square kilometers, also known as maize, Baogu (Baogu stick), bracts and sticks. It is called corn in Cantonese and rye in southern Fujian. It is an annual grass of the family Gramineae. It is an important food crop and an important source of feed. It is also the food crop with the highest total yield in the world.

Maize variety selection

Knowing how to select good maize varieties is a key issue related to the increase of autumn yield and income. The following principles should be followed when selecting improved corn varieties:

1. Seed selection according to the conditions of heat resources: the local heat resources are related to the growth period of maize varieties. The maize varieties with long growing period have good yield performance and high yield potential, and the local heat and growth period should meet the needs of full maturity of the varieties. If the heat is sufficient, the corn varieties with longer growth period should be selected as far as possible, so that the production potential of the excellent varieties can be brought into full play. However, too much pursuit of high yield and the use of maize varieties with too long growth period will lead to the lack of full maturity and grain fullness, which will affect the nutrition and quality of corn. Therefore, the selection of maize varieties should not only ensure the normal maturity of corn, but also can not affect the timely sowing of the next crop. The topography is related to the ground temperature, and the hilly land temperature is high, so it is appropriate to choose late-maturing varieties or mid-late-maturing varieties with long growth period, mid-late-maturing varieties in flat land and mid-early-maturing varieties in depression.

2. According to the local production management conditions, the high yield potential of maize varieties is related to the production management conditions, the varieties with high yield potential need good production management conditions, and the varieties with low production potential need relatively low production management conditions. Therefore, the maize varieties with high yield potential and high yield potential can be selected in the areas with high level of production management, fertile soil and abundant water source. On the contrary, the varieties with lower production potential but better stable performance should be selected.

3. seed selection according to the previous planting: the yield and income of the variety of maize is directly related to the previous planting. If soybean is planted in the previous crop, the soil fertility is better, and high-yield varieties should be selected; if corn is planted in the previous crop with good growth and high yield, this variety can continue to be selected; if the previous corn is infected with a certain disease, the varieties prone to this disease should be avoided in seed selection. In addition, the same variety can not be planted in the same plot for three or four years, otherwise the land will be barren and the varieties will be degraded.

4. seed selection according to disease: disease is the nemesis of high yield of maize, which is mainly related to soil. The soil nutrients are not balanced and the soil temperature is abnormal, so the varieties which are not suitable for growing under this condition should be avoided in seed selection. For example, "Denghai 9" is only suitable for growing in plots with balanced soil nutrients and high maturity.

5. Seed selection according to seed appearance: the purity and quality of maize varieties directly affect the yield of corn. When the purity of first-grade corn seeds (purity 98%) decreases by 1%, the yield will decrease by 0.61%. The selection of high quality varieties is a favorable guarantee for high yield of maize. The high-quality seed bag is sealed at one time, with the name and detailed address and telephone number of the seed company; the production date, purity, moisture and bud percentage are clearly marked on the seed label; and the shape, size and color of the seed are neat and consistent.

6. Seed selection according to local precipitation and accumulated temperature: according to experience, the amount of snow in last winter is small, the winter is not cold, the next summer rainfall will be more, the accumulated temperature will not be high, and the varieties with too long growing period will not have enough accumulated temperature, which will affect the maturity. On the contrary, there is a large amount of snow in last winter, very cold in winter, less rainfall in the following summer and high accumulated temperature, so it is easy to choose varieties with strong drought resistance, and some mid-and late-maturing varieties can be planted in the depression.

First thing in the morning, three times before drought-resistant precision sowing.

Drought-resistant precision sowing and preservation of seedlings is the premise to achieve high yield. The technique of catching up with three times in the morning is to sow seeds early by grabbing the soil moisture at the right time, before the early spring (making full use of anti-slurry water). Topdressing was long before the summer drought (so that the high efficiency period of fertilizer and water needed for corn coincided with the peak of the rain and heat period in July and August), and the corn matured before frost (making full use of effective accumulated temperature to promote early ripening and yield increase).

1. The early sowing time is between April 15 and 25, and the best time is 20 days. According to the soil temperature index, the soil temperature of 10 cm can be sown when the soil temperature is stable between 7 and 8 ℃.

2. Seed drought resistance treatment: corn biological seed soaking agent and drought-resistant and water-retaining agent were used (refer to variety description).

3. Sowing quality: ensure appropriate depth, consistent soil cover, improve the uniformity of seedling emergence, and achieve the whole seedling. With the increase of yield, the effect of sowing technology on yield was gradually enhanced. Sowing techniques include selection of seed treatment, soil moisture preparation, reasonable density, sowing method, sowing amount and sowing depth, etc.