Where is the origin of oats?

Oats are annual herbs of the genus Gramineae, whose grains are used for grinding noodles or as fodder. Oats have the highest economic value among the nine kinds of grains eaten by Chinese people, such as wheat, rice and corn. it is mainly manifested in nutrition, health care and feeding value. let's take a look at where the oats are from.

Where is the origin of oats?

Oat is a worldwide cultivated crop, distributed in 42 countries on five continents, but concentrated in the temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Northeast, North, Northwest, Southwest and Guangdong, Guangxi and Central China provinces and regions are mainly cultivated in Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Henan, Shanxi, Gansu, Shaanxi, Yunnan, Sichuan, Ningxia, Guizhou, Qinghai and other places, of which the first four provinces and regions account for about 90% of the total area of the country.

The producing environment of oats

1. Temperature: oats like cool but not cold-tolerant. The north of temperate zone is the most suitable for planting. Seeds can germinate at 2-4 ℃, and seedlings can withstand the low temperature of-2-4 ℃. Oats are the most hardy among wheat crops. In northern and northwestern China, the winter is cold and can only be sown in spring, while in the south, it can be sown in autumn, but it must mature before the high temperature in summer.

2. Moisture: oats grow in alpine desert areas, but when seeds germinate, they need about 65% water equivalent to their own weight, the transpiration coefficient is higher than barley and wheat, and they consume more water. If there is not enough water during the growth period, the grain is often not full and the yield is reduced. Therefore, the rhizome of oats is often about one meter long in order to absorb more water.

3. Soil: under excellent cultivation conditions, oats can get a good harvest on all kinds of texture soil, but the humus-rich wet soil is the best, and its adaptability to acid soil is stronger than other wheat crops, but it is not suitable for saline-alkali soil cultivation.

Classification of Oat varieties

1. Avena heterophylla is an annual Gramineae plant, with delicate whisker roots, erect culms, a few tufts, loose leaf sheaths, ligule membranous, apex obtuse, leaf blade flattened, upper scabrid, lower sparsely pilose, panicles sparsely spreading, spikelets lanceolate, containing 2-3 florets, glume membranous, Lemma hard, Palea shorter, smooth glabrous, with 2 ridges, introduced and cultivated in China, distributed in Europe and central Asia.

2. Split Lemma Oat: split Lemma Oat is an annual plant of Gramineae Oat. The culm is stout, erect, smooth, glabrous, 30cm high, ligule membranous, 1mm long, leaf flat, 5mm wide, glabrous, rough above, mainly introduced and cultivated in Zhongshan Botanical Garden, Nanjing, China, distributed in southern European Soviet Union, northwestern India and southern Africa.

3. Changying oats: Changying oats are annual plants of the genus Gramineae, with erect culms, smooth glabrous stems, 50cm high and 3mm 5mm in diameter. Leaf sheaths loose, smooth glabrous or lower pilose, often longer than internodes, ligule membranous, leaf blade flattened, smooth or rough below, sparsely pilose above. The panicle is large, the spikelet contains 2-3 florets, and the lower part of the inflorescence often has 2 florets. Introduced and cultivated in Yunnan, China, distributed from Europe, central Asia to northwest India.

4. South oats: South oats are annual plants of the genus Gramineae, with stout and tough whisker roots, sometimes with sand covers, culms erect or slightly curved nodes, glabrous sparse node hairs, leaf sheaths loose, smooth or rough, ligule membranous, panicles loosely spreading, branches slender. Ovary densely pilose, flowering and fruiting from June to September. Production * (Bokda Mountain), distributed in central Asia, Afghanistan, eastern Africa and even America.

5. Naked oats: naked oats alias oats, annual plants of the genus Gramineae, oat varieties native to China, culms tufted, leaf sheath basal ones longer than internodes, often puberulent, leaves soft, panicles spreading, branches slender, spiny scabrid, spikelets with rachilla tough, glabrous, curved, glumes nearly equal, Lemma leathery soft, base glabrous, erect or retrorse, apex awn tip, separated from Lemma body. The flowering and fruiting period is from June to August. It is cultivated in northwest, southwest, North China and Hubei provinces.

6. Wild oats: wild oats are widely distributed in the north and south provinces of China, born in barren fields or weeds in the fields, as well as in the warm and cold regions of Europe, Asia and Africa, and imported from North America. Indians use their seeds for food. In addition to being a substitute for grain and green fodder for cattle and horses, wild oat is often a weed in the wheat field, which consumes more than twice as much water as wheat. at the same time, a large number of seeds are mixed in wheat grains, which reduces the quality of wheat and is a raw material for papermaking. it is also the host of wheat yellow dwarf disease.

7. Light Lemma wild oat: Lemma smooth glabrous, spikelets larger, 18-25 mm long, rachilla internodes densely light brown or white hard hairs, flowering and fruiting stage, uses are similar to the original variety. Produced in the north and south provinces of China, born in hillside grasslands, roadsides and farmland (up to 4000 meters above sea level), distributed in Europe and warm Asia and North Africa.

8. Optical axis wild oats: optical axis wild oats are produced in Shaanxi, Hubei, Hunan, Anhui, Sichuan, Jiangsu, Guangdong and other provinces, born in farmland or roadside. Lemma smooth glabrous, rachilla internodes smooth glabrous or slightly Adnate pilose. Spikelets often small, ca. 17 mm, rachilla internodes smooth glabrous or slightly Adnate pilose.