Cultivation techniques of Oat

Oats are annual plants of the genus Gramineae oats, which are called brome and wild wheat in the Compendium of Materia Medica. They belong to small miscellaneous grains. Grains are used for grinding noodles or as fodder with high nutritional value. Oats are recognized as functional food by FDA in the United States. They have the effect of reducing cholesterol and stabilizing blood sugar, and have higher cultivation value. Let's take a look at the cultivation techniques of oats.

Cultivation environment of oat

1. Temperature: oats like cool but not cold-tolerant. The north of temperate zone is the most suitable for planting. Seeds can germinate at 2-4 ℃, and seedlings can withstand the low temperature of-2-4 ℃. Oats are the most hardy among wheat crops. In northern and northwestern China, the winter is cold and can only be sown in spring, while in the south, it can be sown in autumn, but it must mature before the high temperature in summer.

2. Moisture: oats grow in alpine desert areas, but when seeds germinate, they need about 65% water equivalent to their own weight, the transpiration coefficient is higher than barley and wheat, and they consume more water. If there is not enough water during the growth period, the grain is often not full and the yield is reduced. Therefore, the rhizome of oats is often about one meter long in order to absorb more water.

3. Soil: under excellent cultivation conditions, oats can get a good harvest on all kinds of texture soil, but the humus-rich wet soil is the best, and its adaptability to acid soil is stronger than other wheat crops, but it is not suitable for saline-alkali soil cultivation.

Sowing techniques of Oat

1. Seed treatment: choose sunny and windless weather before oat sowing. Spread the seeds 2-3 cm thick and dry them for 3-5 days. Drying seeds can promote early germination, improve germination rate, early emergence of seedlings, and ultraviolet light in the sun can kill germs on the seed epidermis and reduce diseases. Seed dressing with 0.2% seed or carbendazim to prevent oat head smut, rust, etc., and phoxim or carbofuran can also be used in areas with serious underground pests.

2. Sowing time: sowing can be done when the soil is thawed about 10 cm in early spring. The suitable sowing time of oat is from March 25th to April 15th, the best sowing time is around Qingming Festival, and the latest should not exceed Grain Rain. According to the situation of precipitation, it is particularly important to sow seeds in soil moisture, and catching seedlings is a main measure for high yield of oats in dry land.

3. Sowing method: it is better to sow oats by mechanical sowing or artificial trenching, not sowing. The row spacing of strip sowing is 15-20 cm, and the depth is 3-5 cm. It is appropriate to prevent resowing and missed sowing. The depth of the seed should be the same and the sowing should be uniform. After sowing, the soil and seeds should be closely combined to prevent air leakage and sprouting. The sowing rate is 10-15 kg per mu, and the grain harvest can be reduced.

Field management of oat

1. Loosen the soil and weed: if there is rain and snow before oat emergence, it should be lightened in time to break the hardening. Weeding 2-3 times in the whole growth period, ploughing and loosening soil and weeding in the three-leaf stage, it is necessary to early and shallow weeding, increase soil temperature, reduce water evaporation, promote early rooting, root quickly, and preserve seedlings. Weeding was carried out twice before jointing, and weeds should be removed in time in the middle and later stages. The planting area is small, so manual weeding can be selected. When the planting area is large, chemical herbicides can be used. In the three-leaf period, 72% 2mae 4muryl D EC 60ml / mu, or 75% giant star dry suspension 1ml / mu 1ml / mu, choose sunny day, no wind, no dew to spray evenly.

2. Fertilization and irrigation: 25 kg of ammonium sulfate per mu was applied in combination with irrigation at tillering and jointing stage of oat, and rain topdressing should be applied in dry land. During the flowering and filling stage of oats, 0.2-0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate aqueous solution was used, mixed with 20% urea solution, 70 kg per mu of spraying solution, and then sprayed again after 7 days to promote grain filling, timely topdressing foliar fertilizer to increase grain weight. Where there are irrigation conditions, in case of spring drought, the oats should be irrigated once from the three-leaf stage to the tillering stage and once at the filling stage.

3. Harvest and storage: oats can be cut twice as green fodder from jointing to flowering. For the first time, the plant height was 50-60 cm, the stubble was 5-6 cm, and the second time was 30-40 days without stubble. Oat silage can be harvested from heading to wax ripening. If whole-plant oat silage with mature seeds is needed, it can be harvested at the initial stage of maturity. Oat grains are harvested at the wax ripening stage.

Seedling Management of Oat

1. Ploughing and weeding: according to the biological characteristics of oat seedling stage, 2 or 3 times of weeding were carried out from seedling stage to jointing stage according to seedling condition. Soil and water should be cultivated before winter to promote root and tiller.

2. Skillfully applying seedling fertilizer: during the period from the four-leaf stage to the pre-winter period, we should apply seedling fertilizer as early as possible, tillering fertilizer once or twice to promote the early growth of tillers. Nitrogen fertilizer is the main topdressing at seedling stage, combined with 5-7.5 kg urea per mu or 10-12 kg / mu of nitrogen and phosphorus compound fertilizer.

Management of jointing and booting stage

1. Ploughing and soil cultivation: according to the serious spring drought in oat land in mountainous areas of our country, the oat is ploughed once with a depth of 3-6 cm from jointing to ridge closure, supplemented by proper soil cultivation to reduce the evaporation of surface water and control the overgrowth of basal stem nodes.