Distribution of cotton producing area

Cotton is one of the most important crops in the world. It is an annual herb of Malvaceae with shrubby plants. Cultivated in tropical areas, it can grow up to 6 meters high, usually 1 to 2 meters high. The countries with the highest yields are China, the United States, India, Brazil, Mexico, Egypt, Pakistan, Turkey, Argentina and Sudan. Let's take a look at the distribution of cotton production.

Distribution of cotton producing areas in China

The origin of cotton is India and Arabia. before cotton was introduced into China, China had only kapok to fill pillow mattresses and no cotton to weave. The five major commercial cotton bases in China are Jianghuai Plain, Jianghan Plain, Southern Xinjiang Cotton area, Central and Southern Hebei, Northwest Shandong, Northern Henan Plain and the Coastal Plain along the Yangtze River. The recently bred high-yielding variety has Lumian No.1 in the north.

Distribution of cotton producing areas in the world

Besides China, the countries with the highest cotton production in the world are the United States, India, Brazil, Mexico, Egypt, Pakistan, Turkey, Argentina, Sudan, Uzbekistan and so on. Cotton cultivation first appeared in the Indus Valley civilization of 5-4000 BC. Before the common era, the use of cotton textiles spread to the Mediterranean, and Arab merchants brought fine cotton cloth to Italy and Spain in the first century AD. The Moors spread the cotton planting method to Spain in about the 9th century, introduced cotton to England in the 15th century, and then introduced it to British colonies in North America.

Cotton cultivation producing area environment

1. Light: cotton is a light-loving crop, which is suitable to grow under sufficient light conditions. the light compensation point and light saturation point of cotton leaf are high. According to the measurement, the light compensation point of cotton leaf is 750 ~ 1000 lux, and the light saturation point is 70 ~ 80 000 lux. In general, the suitable range of cotton leaf for light intensity is 8000 ~ 70000 lux, and the photosynthetic intensity increases with the increase of light intensity.

2. Moisture: the growth of cotton needs to absorb water from the soil, and the physiological water requirements are different at different growth stages. The soil water content of 20 cm soil layer from sowing to seedling emergence accounts for 70% of the field capacity. The soil water content of 0 cm 40 cm in the seedling stage accounts for 60% of the field capacity, and 65% of the field capacity in the early bud stage. After the full bud stage, the water content of the 0-80 cm soil layer accounts for 70-80% of the field capacity, which should not be less than 60-65%, and the relative soil water content should be kept at 55-70% during the boll-opening period. According to the relevant research, in the whole growth period of cotton field, about 2 × 3 of water is consumed by transpiration and 1 of which is consumed by land evaporation.

3. Soil: the growth and development of cotton needs water and nutrients, which are mainly obtained from the soil through the root system. The required temperature and air are partly taken from the soil, and need the mechanical support of the soil to grow. The physical, chemical and biological properties of soil in cotton field restrict the yield and quality of cotton to a great extent. soil moisture, nutrients, temperature, air, saline-alkali content and texture have great influence on the growth of cotton.