What problems should be paid attention to when selecting maize seed varieties?

Good varieties and seeds are the basis of a good harvest, and variety selection is the first step in maize production. There are great differences among varieties in growth period, yield level, disease resistance, drought resistance, disease resistance, lodging resistance and adaptive regions. varieties with good performance in one region may perform poorly in other regions, and improper selection of varieties or inferior seeds often lead to reduced or even no yield in production. How to select good varieties and seeds that meet the needs is an important issue for corn producers. It is generally believed that attention should be paid to the following points:

1. Select varieties that have been tested and demonstrated locally for at least 3 years.

After 3 years or more local experiments and demonstrations, we can basically know the local adaptability of the varieties. If you choose the varieties that have better performance for many years, there is less possibility of various catastrophic losses in production.

2. Select varieties that can mature normally in this region.

Select mid-early maturing and mid-late maturing varieties that can mature normally in this area, and use less late-maturing varieties. Before the first heavy frost in autumn, grain corn must reach physiological maturity or appear black layer, otherwise the grain water content is higher, the bulk density is lower and the commodity quality is declining. With climate change, autumn frost comes late in some years, and late frost for two or three consecutive years will often reduce people's vigilance and plant some varieties with longer growth periods, resulting in greater losses. This often happens in the spring corn area of northeast China and the summer corn area of northern North China.

3. Select varieties with large production potential and wide adaptability.

The yield potential of varieties with similar growth period can be very different. The production potential of the variety can not be determined by the special characters such as ear size, ear row number, grain number per row, grain depth, double ear rate, leaf erection (compact) and spreading, etc., and the production potential of the variety is reflected in the yield level. Therefore, varieties should be selected according to the yield results of the comparison test, not just because of panicle size, double panicle rate and other traits. Because of the unpredictability and variability of climate, it is necessary to choose varieties with high yield level in multi-point, multi-region and multi-environment.

4. Select varieties with high lodging resistance.

It is very important to choose lodging-resistant varieties, especially in windy areas. Although lodging is closely related to the environment and cultivation measures, the genetic difference of varieties is also an important reason for lodging. Lodging generally includes lodging during growth and after maturity. Lodging during the growth period is harmful, and serious lodging can lead to extinction, while lodging in the later growth stage or after physiological maturity has little effect on yield, but it often leads to the decline of quality, grain decay, increased rodent loss, harvest difficulty and harvest cost.

5. select disease-resistant or disease-tolerant varieties

Disease is an important disaster in maize production. In recent years, the main feature of variety improvement and renewal is the continuous improvement of disease resistance. The types and degrees of main diseases are different in different regions, for example, head smut is the main disease of maize production in northeast spring corn region, but the harm is lighter in Huang-Huai corn region. The disease resistance of varieties should not only refer to the introduction of the characteristics of varieties and the evaluation tests of local seed companies or agricultural technology extension departments, but also refer to the planting experience of other farmers.

6. Collocation and planting of multiple varieties in multiple ripening stages

Multi-maturity and multi-variety planting is one of the most effective measures to reduce diseases and insect pests and to resist adverse environmental conditions such as drought and low temperature. The strip interval planting of multiple varieties in the multi-maturity stage, such as the combination of early-maturing, middle-maturing and late-maturing varieties according to 25% Mel 50% Mel 25%, can reduce the yield reduction caused by rare flowering and poor pollination caused by drought in the mid-early maturing varieties. at the same time, it can not only make long-growing varieties make full use of light and heat resources, but also reduce the harm of early autumn frost. In addition, the matching planting of multi-ripening varieties can increase the genetic diversity of maize and reduce the loss caused by the loss of resistance.

7. Select special varieties according to special needs

Due to special needs, such as feeding or processing, select special corn varieties, such as high starch varieties, high oil varieties and high quality protein corn varieties, waxy corn, sweet corn and so on.

8. Select practical varieties

At present, most farmers are interested in new varieties, which reflects the improvement of farmers' own scientific and technological production level and their desire for new technology, but it should be pointed out that new varieties are not necessarily suitable for demand. it is necessary to choose varieties that match the level of production management and the status of land fertility.

In addition, under the current management situation, some new varieties have not been tested in the local area for many years, it is not clear whether they can adapt to the local environment, and the planting risk is relatively high. Therefore, the selection of varieties should be practical, do not be innovative, choose high-quality seeds, seed quality has a great impact on yield, and its impact sometimes exceeds the difference in yield among varieties. Therefore, it is necessary to choose not only good varieties, but also high-quality seeds in production.

At the present stage, the indicators to measure seed quality in China mainly include variety purity, seed purity, germination rate and moisture. The state has clearly stipulated the purity, purity, germination rate and moisture of corn seeds: the purity of primary seeds is not less than 98%, the purity of primary seeds is not less than 98%, the germination rate is not less than 85%, and the water content is not higher than 13%. The purity of secondary seeds is not less than 96%, the purity is not less than 98%, the germination rate is not less than 85%, and the water content is not higher than 13%. The method of "limiting the lower limit of quality" has been adopted in the detection and supervision of maize hybrid seeds in China, that is, it can not reach the prescribed index of secondary seeds and can not be sold as seeds in principle.

What problems should be paid attention to when selecting corn seed varieties? the editor will introduce you here. Please continue to follow us for more corn seed knowledge.