High-yielding Cultivation Techniques of Wheat

Wheat is a general term for wheat plants, is a kind of grass widely cultivated around the world, originated in the Middle East fertile crescent (Levant) region, is one of the earliest cultivated crops in the world, wheat caryopsis is one of the staple foods of human beings, ground into flour can be made bread, steamed bread, biscuits, noodles and other food; fermentation can be made into beer, alcohol, vodka, or biofuel. Wheat is rich in starch, protein, fat, minerals, calcium, iron, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin A and vitamin C.

Wheat is one of the three major cereals, producing almost all for food and only about one-sixth for feed. In 2010, wheat was the world's second-largest food crop in terms of total output (651 million tons), after maize (844 million tons).

Characteristics of wheat fertilizer requirement

1. Nitrogen is a component of cell protoplasm and chlorophyll. Sufficient nitrogen can promote the growth of roots, stems and leaves, increase leaf area and accumulate organic matter. Nitrogen application at the time of pistil differentiation could decrease sterile floret and increase grain number.

Phosphorus is an important component of cell nucleus and participates in cell synthesis and normal metabolism of sugar and nitrogen. Wheat is sensitive to phosphorus. Phosphorus deficiency inhibits root development, reduces tillers, leaves dark green and purple, delays ripening, and finally reduces grain weight and quality.

3. Potassium can improve photosynthetic efficiency, promote the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus, improve the content of cellulose and lignin in the body, and make the stem tough and resistant to lodging. Ensure potassium supply, but also can improve leaf water potential, leaf water holding capacity, significantly enhance drought resistance.

cultivation techniques

1. Select excellent varieties

This year, the improved seed subsidy project has promoted three winter wheat varieties with high quality, high yield and strong stress resistance: Jimai 22, Tainong 18 and Liaomai 18, which can be selectively used by the masses.

2. Apply sufficient base fertilizer

The principle is to stabilize nitrogen, increase phosphorus, supplement potassium and trace element fertilizer on the basis of increasing organic fertilizer. Generally, 1000-2000 kg of organic fertilizer and 40 kg of formula fertilizer shall be applied per mu; 1 kg of zinc sulfate shall be evenly applied before soil preparation, and deep ploughing shall be carried out in time.

3. Fine soil preparation

The quality of soil preparation is directly related to the quality of sowing. The plots often sown by rotary tillage or no-tillage machine must be deeply ploughed once (about 25cm) for more than 3 years; the straw directly returned to the field shall be finely divided, and the excessive broken straw shall be removed. 1 mu of straw shall be returned to the field for 2 mu. The land shall be raked and thoroughly raked during soil preparation to make the depth of the cultivated layer consistent, and the topsoil shall be finely divided to reach the standard of empty upper and solid lower, no light and dark, flat ground and no stubble.

4. Seed treatment

Undressed seeds should be treated to control diseases and insect pests. Seed coating with higher quality or seed dressing with single agent can be selected. Single agent can be used to control diseases. Diniconazole, dofforone or carbendazim can be used to dress seeds according to 0.2% of seed weight. 3911 or phoxim can be used to control underground pests.

5. Seeding at the right time

The suitable sowing date is October 5-13, the sowing depth is 4-5 cm, the sowing quantity of late sowing plot is increased appropriately, and the average row spacing of wheat is 22.5 cm. After sowing, use stone roller to compact and preserve moisture, so as to facilitate wheat emergence. The sowing amount of straw returning to field shall be increased by 1.5 kg.

6. Water and fertilizer before winter and spring

Water and fertilizer before winter is an important measure to ensure wheat to survive winter smoothly, freeze in early spring and prevent drought. Before winter, when the relative water content of soil is greater than 65%, it can be exempted from pouring antifreeze water. When it is less than 65%, it is necessary to pour frozen water. After pouring, it is timely to hoe and loosen the soil to prevent the ground from cracking, ventilation and root injury, resulting in dead seedlings. After winter topdressing, the plot with poor soil fertility should be applied twice, the first time in the wheat re-greening stage, the total content of ≥40%(35-0-5) formula fertilizer or urea topdressing, 20- 25kg per mu; the second booting fertilizer topdressing at booting stage, 7- 8kg urea can be applied; the medium and high yield field should be moved to the jointing stage after topdressing time, the total content of ≥40%(35-0-5) formula fertilizer or urea can be selected, 20- 25kg per mu. Pouring water in time, jointing water and grouting water.

7. Chemical weeding and chemical control of wheat fields

Before jointing, wheat has the strongest resistance to chemicals, so chemical weeding can be carried out by spraying with chemicals such as wheat straw net; chemical control agents such as paclobutrazol can be used to prevent wheat from overgrowth and late lodging. The above chemicals should be banned when the temperature is too low, so as not to affect the effect. They should be stopped after jointing stage to avoid phytotoxicity and affect wheat seed setting.

8. Topdressing outside roots

The absorption capacity of wheat root system in late stage is getting worse and worse. Foliar fertilization can be carried out in time at flowering stage to promote plant health, enhance leaf light and ability, improve wheat disease resistance and dry and hot wind resistance. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate and zinc sulfate can be selected for foliar spraying, and then sprayed once every 7 days.