The main points of propagation of Pinus elliottii

Cross-leaf pine vanilla, also known as vanilla, originated in North America, artificial cultivation is not difficult, very suitable for large-scale planting as feed, but also suitable for sporadic planting around farmers' homes and roadside ditches.

cup plant

Cross-leaf pine vanilla can be propagated asexually. Under the condition of extensive management, the survival rate of cuttings with underground stems can reach 89.8%, and can achieve faster growth advantage than solid seedlings, and better biological yield can be achieved in a short period of time. It is expected that it will blossom and bear fruit in the current year (further observation and experiment is needed). It is a practical and feasible method to propagate with tender wood cuttings of Pinus thunbergii, but there are some shortcomings such as manual collection of stem segments, high cost and low propagation coefficient. In addition to using stem cuttings, cross-leaf pine vanilla may be propagated by leaf cutting.

How to raise goose seedlings? What should I pay attention to?

In order to raise geese well, we must first start with the management of goose seedling culture, so how to raise goose seedlings? What should I pay attention to?

How to divide goose seedlings into males and females: how to distinguish between males and females when buying goose seedlings?

The identification of male and female when buying goose seedlings has important economic significance for goose production. After male and female are separated, they can be raised in groups or the excess males can be eliminated in time, so as to reduce the feeding cost of breeding geese. During the production of commercial geese, male and female are raised and managed in groups to make the geese grow and develop neatly. In production, the methods of turning anus, parietal anus or pinching anus are often used to identify the male and female of goose seedlings.

(1) anal method: hold the goose seedling with the left hand, clamp the side of the goose seedling with the right index finger and ring finger, and gently raise the middle finger outside its anus. If you feel a small protuberance, it is a male goose. The top anus method is more difficult to master than the pinch anus method, but the speed is faster after proficiency.

(2) the method of turning the anus: hold the goose seedling in the left palm, clamp the neck with the middle finger and ring finger of the left hand, make its abdomen upward, then place the thumb and index finger of the right hand on both sides of the cloacal cavity and gently open the cloacal cavity. if there is a spiral protuberance (embryonic shape of the stem) in the cloacal mouth, it is a male goose; if you can not see a spiral protuberance, only triangular valve folds, it is a goose.

(3) the method of pinching anus: separate the left thumb and index finger in front of the goose seedling neck and hold the goslings; the right thumb and index finger gently squeeze both sides of the cloacal cavity and rub it up and down or back and forth slightly, feeling that there is a small protuberance the size of a sesame seed or rape seed, the tip can slide, and the root is relatively fixed, that is, the penis of the male goose; if not, it is the female goose.

About how to distinguish a goose from a goose seedling? What are the characteristics of the appearance? In fact, most people may not be able to tell the difference between the male and female of the goose seedling from the appearance alone, so it is necessary to reverse the anus to distinguish the male and female of the goose seedling, according to the above three methods.

When introducing goose seedlings, we must choose strong goslings with lively and active eyes, crisp calls, fluffy hair, plump posture, clean anus and umbilical cord, and good umbilical cord contraction. The goose house was sprayed with 5%-10% lime water the week before the goose fry arrived. Gosling plague vaccination should be carried out in time after the goose vaccine is delivered.

The goose seedlings are grazed; when the geese reach the age of 20-30 days, they can graze. When grazing for the first time, you should choose a sunny day when there is no wind. After feeding the goslings, drive them to the nearby grass, let them move freely, and let the geese return to the shed an hour later. Slowly extend the grazing time and distance in the future. Three weeks later, it is possible to graze completely during the day and feed only once at night. Generally, 250 to 300 geese are a flock of geese, making the flock into a rectangle, moving slowly, not in a hurry, and letting all the geese eat fodder. The price of goose seedlings as soon as dawn in the morning, you can drive the geese out of the shed, let them eat dewy plants, return to the shed at noon, go out in the afternoon, and return to the shed at sunset. If you graze in the fields all day, you should drive the geese to rest in the shade of the trees at noon. In case of cloudy and rainy days, do not graze.

Goose seedling culture should pay attention to the growth environment and changes of goose seedlings, and the disease of goose seedlings should be found as soon as possible, so as to facilitate early prevention and control. We can't wait until the disease becomes serious, then it may be impossible to cure, the prevention and control of goose lice disease:

Pathogen: the pathogen of this disease is feather lice, many species, rely on goose feathers, dandruff to survive. The feather lice parasitic on the head and body of geese have an oval body with dense hair and a yellow body; the body of the feather lice parasitic on the goose wing is grayish black.

Symptoms: goose lice multiply in large numbers, devouring the dander of goose feathers. Although it does not cause the death of the goose, it can make the goose itchy and restless, shedding feathers, and sometimes even stripping off the feathers, which is called "ghost plucking" in the folk. The goose chicks showed uneasiness when talking about feathers, the resistance decreased and the mortality increased. The breeding goose affected the laying rate, the resistance decreased and the weight lost.

Prevention and treatment:

Spray method (1) 0.2% trichlorfon was used to spray goose body surface feathers at night, and the night lice came out to be poisoned and died after being stained with drugs. (2) spray medicine on the walls, floor and all utensils of the goose house at the same time, so that the lice have no place to hide. (3) the effect of spraying feathers with 3%-5% sulfur powder is good. (4) 1 part of tobacco, 20 parts of water, boiling for 1 hour, then wash the goose on a warm day. At the same time, a thorough insecticidal work should be done in all parts of the goose house before it can be cured.

Medicine bath method (1) take 2.5% of the enemy to kill 20 milliliters and add 10 liters of water, and prepare the solution, which can be sprayed on the goose surface feathers, or the goose can be immersed in the liquid to kill the lice, but the goose head should be out of the water for 1 to 2 seconds. (2) 1 part of sodium fluoride and 99 parts of clear water were prepared into 1% sodium fluoride solution, and the goose was immersed in the solution for a few seconds. It is appropriate to soak the feathers. (3) take 0.5 parts of refined trichlorfon and 99.5 parts of warm water, soak the goose in the solution for a few seconds, and drain the excess liquid. The above medicine bath methods are effective in killing lice, but they are not effective on lice eggs. It needs to be repeated 10 days later to kill the hatched lice. Raise the temperature in the medicine bath to prevent the goose from catching a cold.

How to reduce the cost of breeding goose seedlings? Some people want to raise goose seedlings, but give up because the cost of raising goose seedlings is too high, so we need a way to reduce the cost of breeding goose seedlings, let's talk about it:

Of course, Gosling management is the premise, because Gosling feathers are thin, the ability to adjust external temperature changes is poor, various organ functions are not perfect, disease resistance is low, if poor management, improper feeding, often cause a large number of deaths of goslings, so reasonable feeding of goslings is the premise of goose breeding, but also a key link. First of all, when selecting goslings, we must choose healthy and strong goslings, prepare for brooding, feed scientifically, and select good materials. Adding 10% grass powder to the feed can not only reduce the cost, but also improve the feed utilization rate and ensure balanced nutrition. It is very important to do a good job of hygiene and epidemic prevention. The serum against Gosling plague should be injected in time, oxytetracycline and norfloxacin quinolinol should be added to the feed for prevention, and drinking water should be clean, dry and ventilated to avoid the occurrence of plague. and regular and quantitative supplement of trace elements.

Goose is a herbivorous waterfowl, which has a high absorption rate of protein and fiber in grass (similar to sheep). Weeds on the roadside, by the river pond, by the field, in front of the house and behind the house can be fed in an appropriate amount, which is more suitable for a small amount of loose feeding. In general, the proportion of grass demand (daily) of 21-day-old goslings increases from 10% to 90%, and that of 28-day-old geese can reach 100%. In this way, it can not only save food, but also fully absorb all kinds of grass nutrients and reduce feeding costs. It is recommended that the economic benefit of large-scale feeding is about 10 times that of raising pigs, and the fencing cycle is only 1 / 3 of that of raising pigs. In order to eat green grass all the year round, perennial forage grass is generally selected, such as clover, Rumex, cross-leaf pine vanilla and grain amaranth. In addition to the use of perennial grass, pumpkins and sweet potatoes can also be used as feed. Because the recommended raising of geese reduces the feeding cost, the economic benefit is more than twice that of ordinary poultry.

Is there any knack for the preparation of goose seedling diets?

The various feeds eaten by geese in one day and night are called diets. The type, quantity and proportion of various nutrients in the diet can meet the needs of the body. The work of selecting different amounts of feed according to the feeding standard to meet the nutritional needs of goose seedlings is called dietary coordination. Dietary coordination is a very important technical link in goose production. Whether dietary coordination is reasonable or not is not only related to standardized feeding and economic and rational use of various feed resources, but also to the health of goose seedlings, production performance and economic benefits.

First, the basic principles of dietary coordination. In order to match the diet reasonably, the following principles should be considered:

1. Choose reasonable feeding standards: all kinds of feeding standards have certain representativeness, but they have some limitations, which are only relatively reasonable standards. Therefore, when referring to and applying a certain standard, we must pay attention to observe the actual feeding effect, according to the economic type, breed, age, growth and development stage, body weight, laying rate and season of geese. At the same time, it should be properly adjusted according to the specific conditions such as the production level and feeding experience of geese.

2. The selection of feed should be economical and reasonable: under the premise of meeting the nutritional needs of geese, the feed cost should be reduced as far as possible, for this reason, the local feed resources should be fully utilized. The main raw materials of the diet must be rich, and the local advantages should be brought into full play. At the same time, the principle of economy should be considered, and the feed with rich nutrition and low price should be selected as far as possible.

3. The digestive physiological characteristics of different kinds of geese should be considered in the diet: geese are more tolerant to rough feeding than other poultry, and some diets with high crude fiber content can be selected properly.

4. Attention should be paid to the palatability of the feed: the feed with good palatability should be selected as far as possible, and the dosage of the feed with high nutritional value but poor palatability must be limited to make the whole diet have good palatability. the use of moldy feed is prohibited.

5. The amount of dry matter should be appropriate: the diet should not only meet the needs of various nutrients, but also pay attention to the amount of dry matter, that is, the diet should have a certain volume, so that the goose seedlings can not only eat, but also meet the nutritional needs.

6. Diet requires feed diversification: several kinds of feed should be selected as much as possible, in order to give full play to the complementary role of various feed nutrients, so as to improve the nutritional value and utilization rate of feed.

Second, the method of dietary coordination. There are many methods of dietary coordination, including four-corner method, differential generation method, trial and error method, computer calculation method and so on. However, no matter which method is used, the more kinds of feed and the more items of nutrition indicators, the more complex the calculation will be.

1. Quadrangular method: quadrangular method, also known as square method and diagonal method. This method is intuitive and easy to understand, and is suitable for use in the case of few kinds of feed and few requirements for nutritional indexes.

2. Differential method: differential method, also known as simultaneous programming method. In this method, the proportion of feed formula is obtained by solving linear simultaneous equations.

3. Trial and error method: trial and error method is the most commonly used dietary coordination method in animal production. According to the feeding standard and feed supply, this method selects several kinds of feed, initially prescribes the dosage for trial matching, and then compares its nutrients with the feeding standard, and the difference can be adjusted to meet the provisions of the feeding standard.

The application of trial and error method is generally through repeated adjustment, calculation and comparison. The specific steps are as follows:

(1) find the feeding standard and list the nutritional requirements of the feeding objects.

(2) check the table of nutritional value of feed and list the nutrient content of the feed used.

(3) Primary matching: according to the feeding object and the requirement of the approximate proportion of all kinds of feed, the dosage of all kinds of feed was preliminarily determined, and the nutrient content was calculated, and then the nutrient content in all kinds of feed was added, and compared with the feeding standard.

(4) Adjustment: according to the degree of difference between the trial diet and the feeding standard, adjust the amount of some feed, and then calculate and compare until it is in line with or close to the standard.

Matters needing attention during the breeding period of breeder geese

I. growth stage

The growth stage refers to the period of 80-120 days old. The middle goslings in this period are in the period of growth and development, and need more nutrients after the second molting, so they should not be raised extensively prematurely, but should gradually reduce the times of supplementary feeding according to the grass quality of the grazing land. and gradually reduce the nutritional level of supplementary diet, so that the body of young geese can be fully developed, so that the young geese can successfully enter the restricted feeding stage.

II. Restricted feeding stage

1. The purpose of restricting feeding

This stage usually starts from 120 days old to 50-60 days before the beginning of production. After the second molting, if enough feed is provided, the backup breeder goose can start laying eggs after 50-60 days. However, at this time, because the growth and development of breeder geese is not complete, the growth and development of individuals is irregular, and the time of starting production is uneven, which leads to the inconvenience of feeding and management. In addition, the eggs laid prematurely are smaller, the time for female geese to lay eggs is longer, and the fertilization rate of breeding eggs is low, which can not reach the standard of egg breeding and reduce economic income. Therefore, in this stage, the breeding geese should be restricted to reach the first laying age in time, and enter the laying period neatly and consistently.

two。 The method of restricting feeding

At present, there are mainly two kinds of restricted feeding methods for breeder geese: one is to reduce the amount of supplementary diet and carry out quantitative feeding, and the other is to control the quality of feed and reduce the nutritional level of diet. Geese are mainly grazing, so most of them adopt the latter, but we must flexibly grasp the feed ratio and feed quantity according to the grazing conditions, seasons and the physique of geese, which can not only maintain the normal physique of geese, but also reduce the feeding cost of breeding geese.

During the feed control period, the nutrition level of the feed should be gradually reduced, the daily feeding times should be changed from 3 times to 2 times, the grazing time should be prolonged as far as possible, and the feeding amount of each feed should be reduced gradually. In the controlled feeding stage, the average daily feed consumption of female geese is generally 50% and 60% less than that in the growth stage. More coarse stuffing materials (such as rice bran, koji lees, etc.) can be added to the feed in order to exercise the digestive ability of geese and expand the capacity of the esophagus.

Through the grazing exercise in the early stage of feed control, the reserve breeder goose has a strong ability to feed on green grass. In the pasture with good grass quality, there is no or less concentrate feed. In the case of poor grazing conditions, feeding twice a day, the feeding time is about 9 o'clock at noon and 9 p.m.

3. Management of restricted feeding period

In the restricted feeding stage, no matter how many times of feeding, the feeding time should be about 2 hours before grazing, so as to prevent geese from not grazing because they are full before grazing, or 2 hours after grazing, so as to avoid the bad habit of returning to the nest without eating a lot of grass.

The key points of management in the restricted feeding phase are as follows:

① pays attention to the dynamics of geese. In the restricted feeding stage, the mental state and feeding conditions of geese were observed at any time, and it was found that weak geese and disabled geese should be removed in time for separate feeding and nursing. Weak geese often show dull movement, drooping wings, lack of energy for grazing, weak feet, light weight, falling behind the geese when grazing, and those who are serious can not afford to lie on the ground. For individual weak geese, grazing should be stopped and special management should be carried out. They can be fed with feed of good quality and easy to digest, and then graze after complete recovery.

② grazing land selection. Grass beach, lakeside, river beach, hills and rice fields and wheat fields rich in water and grass should be selected. Before grazing, investigate whether toxic drugs have been sprayed near the grazing land, otherwise, grazing can only be done after a week or after heavy rain.

③ should pay attention to heat prevention. Breeding geese are often from May to August, and the temperature is high. When grazing, you should go out early and return late to avoid the hot heat at noon, and you should go out for grazing at the twilight in the morning, drive the geese back to the enclosure at about 10:00 in the morning, or rush to the shady woods to let the geese have a rest, and continue grazing at around 3 p.m., when grazing is harvested after sunset, the land to rest had better have water, so as to drink water, play in the water and take a bath.

④ does a good job in the cleanliness of the goose house. Clean the trough and sink and change the bedding material every day to keep the bedding grass and the house dry.

III. Resume the stage of feeding

The breeding geese that have been restricted should enter the stage of resuming breeding about 60 days before the opening of production. At this time, the physique of breeder geese is weak, so the nutritional level of supplementary diet should be gradually improved, and the amount of feed and feeding times should be increased. The dietary protein level should be controlled at 15%-17%. After about 20 days of feeding, the body weight of breeder geese can be restored to the level of the early stage of limited feeding.

In order to make the moulting of the breeder goose neat, shorten the molting time and save feed, the artificial forced molting can be carried out after the body weight of the breeder goose is restored, that is, the main wing feather and auxiliary main wing feather can be artificially removed. After feathering, the feeding management should be strengthened and the feeding quantity should be increased appropriately. The feathering period of male geese is about 2 weeks earlier than that of female geese, so that the backup breeding geese can enter the laying period neatly and consistently.

How to raise goose seedlings in winter?

Goose seedlings have been paid attention to by farmers because of their strong adaptability, reduction of diseases, good reproduction, short growth cycle and stable performance. How to raise meat geese in cold winter and achieve market weight through short-term fattening? After immune selection of Gosling plague, Randy eggs hatched 200 young and healthy 65 days, 17 days before the winter solstice, 4 days after the beginning of spring, and the cold period was 39 and 49.

Goose fry can be divided into two stages, that is, online feeding in 4-week-old nursery, 5-week-old, feeding temperature of simple plastic shed, shed, will be sunny. Bedding materials should be adapted to local conditions, such as wide leaves. Age of goose feed formula 1 and 30 days: 50%, rice bran, corn, soybean meal 18.20% 8% gravity 2%, shell powder and salt 0.4%; 31-day-old slaughter: corn 50%, rice bran, bean cake 24.6%, 15%, 7%, 1%, shell powder 2%, salt 0.4%, a multi-vitamin, trace instructions to add trace elements. Coarse white radish. The mixture ratio of fine to coarse in the first week of 1:1; the second three weeks later at 2:8 (roughage of fresh products), free feeding time. The feeding times were 8 times per day at the age of 3 days, 6 times per day at the age of 11-20 days, and 5 times a day at 21 days. Need to feed at 3 o'clock every day to drive the goose heap. The temperature of the goose house was 32-20 ℃ in 1-3, 30-27 ℃ in 4-6, 26-24 ℃ in 7-14, and gradually changed to 22 ℃ in 15-30 days. The humidity is 60%-70%.

The suitable temperature for raising goose seedlings

The temperature of raising goose seedlings should be adjusted according to the following conditions.

1. The tide mouth of the goslings and the first drinking water after the goslings come out of their shells are commonly known as the tide mouth, and the first food is commonly known as eating. Whether the feeding time is appropriate or not is directly related to the growth, development and survival rate of goslings. When the goslings come out of their shells for about 24 hours, the tide can be carried out when most goslings stand and walk, stretch their necks and open their mouths, and have the desire to peck.

Specific method: put the goslings into the basket, immerse the goose basket in clean shallow water and let the goslings move and drink freely for 3 minutes. Then, put the goose basket on the surface of the water in a warm place and let the goose dry down. You can also use Xiaopeng to hold the tide indoors. After several times of training, you can drink freely. When the weather is hot and there are a large number of goslings, they can artificially spray water on the goslings and let them suck the water droplets on each other's fluff. Or drink directly to the goslings with a water fountain; drinking water for the first time can stimulate the goslings' appetite and promote meconium excretion.

2. Heat preservation due to the poor thermoregulation ability of goslings, temperature has a great effect on the growth, development and survival rate of goslings. Large group feeding can be carried out by coal stove heating or heating, and the density is controlled at 20: 30 / kg. From 1 to 25 days old, the temperature is 26 ℃ ~ 28 ℃, the humidity is 60%, the relative humidity is 24 ℃ ~ 26 ℃, the relative humidity is 65%, the relative humidity is 22 ℃ ~ 24 ℃, the relative humidity is 65%, the relative humidity is 20 ℃ ~ 22 ℃, and the relative humidity is about 70%.

How to prevent goose seedling disease and master the key points of goose seedling management is very important, the most important is to achieve the following aspects:

First, the disinfection of large-scale breeding villages should be unified time, unified disinfectant dosage, unified spraying, do not leave a blank. Second, establish a system of preventive disinfection, adhere to the hygiene of the house once a day, clean the food and sink every day, and disinfect the geese, goose cottages and land sports grounds every three days. Any personnel and appliances entering the production area must be strictly sterilized before they can be entered or applied. Third, it is necessary to store certain disinfectants and diversify their varieties. 4. A disinfection pool should be set up outside each goose house.