High-yield cultivation techniques of rapeseed

Rapeseed contains a variety of nutrients, rich in vitamin C, its seed oil content is 3550%, rapeseed oil is rich in fatty acids and vitamins, high nutritional value, is not only a good edible vegetable oil, but also has a wide range of industrial applications.

Fine soil preparation

After the middle and late rice harvest, the soil was broken and ditched, requiring the border to be 1.5 meters wide, 12-17 centimeters high, fine and smooth, and open a good field ditch and surrounding drainage ditch.

Sowing seeds at the right time to cultivate strong seedlings

The middle and late maturing varieties should be sown from late September to mid-October, while the early maturing varieties should be sown from mid-October to late October. If late rice is not harvested in time, it should be sowed and raised 30 days before harvest.

The nursery land should choose the sandy loam soil or vegetable garden where the land is fertile, sunny and convenient for drainage and irrigation. Fine soil preparation, full application of basic fertilizer, 1000 kg-1250 kg of rotten pig and cow manure and 30 kg-40 kg of phosphate fertilizer every 667m2. Sub-box quantitative, uniform sowing, sowing 0.5 kg-0.7 kg per 667 square meters, covering soil 1 cm after sowing. Seedlings in the 2-leaf period, go bad and stay strong, and set the seedlings in the 4-leaf stage (1:5 in the seedbed and Honda). After setting the seedlings, 2 kg-3 kg of urea or 250 kg-300 kg of human feces and urine were applied to the water every 667 square meters. Timely prevention and control of diseases and insect pests to protect strong seedlings.

Timely transplanting and reasonable close planting

The seedlings were transplanted in time when the seedling age reached 30-35 days, with a row spacing of 40 cm and a plant spacing of 20-27 cm. Planting 8000-10 000 plants per 667m2 for middle and late maturing varieties and 12000-14000 plants per 667m2 for early maturing varieties. Precocious species can also be planted on demand, with a hole distance of 27 cm × 33 cm, 5-8 seeds per hole, and 1 seedling later. Seedlings should be checked and filled in time after seedling cultivation and transplanting.

Scientific fertilization

1. Apply sufficient base fertilizer. Farm manure and phosphate fertilizer are required to be applied before sowing or transplanting after retting and ripening, 1000 kg of high quality farm manure and 20 kg-25 kg of phosphate fertilizer are applied every 667m2.

2. Early application of seedling fertilizer. Direct seeding rape with 3 true leaves can be combined with inter-seedling to apply attacking fertilizer, applying 4 kg-5 kg urea and 2 kg-3 kg potassium chloride every 667 square meters. For seedlings and transplants, 1000 kg of dilute dung water or 8 kg-10 kg of urea should be applied during the period of returning to green.

3. Apply bolting fertilizer in time. During bolting, 5 kg-7 kg of urea, 3 kg-4 kg of potassium chloride or 7 kg-8 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer were applied per 667 square meters.

4. Extra-root topdressing. 0.2% borax solution or potassium dihydrogen phosphate was sprayed on the leaves at the seedling stage and the flowering and podding stage, respectively, to improve the seed setting rate.

Intermediate ploughing and weeding

The seedlings of direct seeding were used for intermediate ploughing and weeding, and the seedlings were raised and transplanted, and the weeding was carried out 20-30 days after transplanting combined with fertilization.

Scientific drainage and irrigation

Rape growth is afraid of both drought and waterlogging. in water management, drought can be irrigated and waterlogging can be drained, and the border ditch and four-week ditch should be kept unobstructed so as to facilitate drainage and irrigation. Water demand is large during bolting and flowering period, so water supply should be ensured. Attention should be paid to prevent waterlogging in the field at seedling stage and flowering and podding stage.

Control of diseases and insect pests

The main pests of rape are ground tiger, aphid, leafhopper, Plutella xylostella and so on, which can be controlled by dichlorvos, dimethoate and pyrethroid pesticides. The main diseases are Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, downy mildew and so on, which can be controlled by topiramate, carbendazim, manganese zinc and other pesticides.

Timely harvest

About 30 days at the end of the full bloom of rapeseed, about 2% of the pods are yellow. when most of the seeds in the pods change from green to yellow or red, they can be harvested, threshed in the harvest stand for 1 day, dried in time and processed in time.