Cultivation techniques for High quality and High yield of Winter Wheat

Select superior varieties

The grain quality and yield traits of wheat are not only controlled by variety heredity, but also affected by cultivation measures. To investigate the relationship: heredity is the internal cause, cultivation measures are the external cause. Therefore, the selection of good varieties is the most economical and effective means to achieve high quality and high yield of winter wheat. The breeding of high quality and high yield of wheat in our hospital started early. Yannong 15, Yanyou 361 and Yan 2801 bred in our hospital not only have the potential of yield 600kg per mu, but also meet the national standard of high quality wheat.

Intensive ploughing, harrowing and fertilizing the soil

In the wheat field with a yield of more than 500kg per mu, the soil organic matter in the plough layer was more than 1.2%, the total nitrogen was more than 0.09%, the hydrolyzed nitrogen 70ppm, the available phosphorus 25 ppm and the available potassium 90 ppm. The standard of applying base fertilizer: organic fertilizer 5000 kg per mu, pure nitrogen 9 kg, P2O5 11.5kg converted into 25kg diammonium phosphate, 75kg K 2O, 1kg zinc sulfate and 0.5kg borax in boron deficient plots according to P2O5. Fertilizing soil is the guarantee of high quality and high yield of winter wheat.

Precision uniform sowing to create high-quality groups

Implement precision and uniform sowing to reduce the starting point of the group. Promote early growth and strong seedlings in the early growth stage, reduce ineffective tillers in the middle stage, create a reasonable high-quality population, and increase grain weight in the later stage. Precision uniform sowing is beneficial to improve the productivity of single plant and is the main technical link of high-yield cultivation. At the same time, this technique can effectively prevent the yield decrease and quality deterioration caused by wheat lodging, which is the basis of high-quality cultivation.

Optimize the fertilizer structure and implement "backward shift of nitrogen fertilizer"

According to the research, on the basis of balanced fertilization with soil testing formula, properly increasing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer no more than 20% of the total nitrogen application rate, and adjusting the nitrogen fertilizer base dressing ratio at 1:1, the time of top application of nitrogen fertilizer was postponed from turning green and rising stage to jointing and booting stage, that is, the technology of "nitrogen fertilizer moving back" was beneficial to the double improvement of yield and quality of winter wheat. " The technology of "backward shift of nitrogen fertilizer" combined with precision uniform sowing can shape the ideal plant type, optimize the population structure, improve the panicle rate of tillers and the uniformity of spikelet layer, and reduce the degeneration of spikelets. Increasing the number of grains per spike, delaying plant senescence, improving photosynthetic efficiency and improving quality have significant effects, which are the core techniques of high-quality and high-yield cultivation techniques of winter wheat.

Scientific irrigation and timely prevention and control of diseases and insect pests

According to laboratory analysis, irrigation has a tendency to reduce the protein content of wheat. If irrigation is combined with nitrogen fertilizer application, the yield and protein content increase at the same time, and there is a positive correlation between them. Therefore, it is necessary to irrigate enough soil moisture before sowing in high-quality and high-yield wheat fields to ensure adequate soil moisture and sowing. For wheat fields with sufficient soil moisture and moderate population before winter, we can not irrigate winter water and transfer the traditional starting water in production to jointing and heading stage. in this way, a technical system of reasonable operation of fertilizer and water is formed.

In the later stage of winter wheat production, we should strengthen field management, control wheat rust, powdery mildew and scab in time, and further improve the yield and quality of winter wheat.